Rare pancreatic tumors

Steinman, Jonathan; Zaheer, Atif; Kluger, Michael D.; Remotti, Helen; Hecht, Elizabeth M.

doi:10.1007/s00261-017-1342-x

Cited by 7 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…For the eighth edition of the AJCC system, a separate staging system that applies only to welldifferentiated panNETs (WHO system grades 1-3) was developed. Poorly differentiated pan- imaging is pivotal to differentiation of panNENs from other pancreatic masses such as ductal adenocarcinomas, metastases, and intrapancreatic splenules (25)(26)(27).…”

Section: Eighth Edition Of the Ajcc Staging Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: 2020 Update on Pathologic and Imaging Findings and Classification

Khanna¹,

Prasad²,

Sunnapwar³

et al. 2020

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Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (panNENs) are heterogeneous neoplasms with neuroendocrine differentiation that show characteristic clinical, histomorphologic, and prognostic features; genetic alterations; and biologic behavior. Up to 10% of panNENs develop in patients with syndromes that predispose them to cancer, such as multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1, von Hippel-Lindau disease, tuberous sclerosis complex, neurofibromatosis type 1, and glucagon cell adenomatosis. PanNENs are classified as either functioning tumors, which manifest early because of clinical symptoms related to increased hormone production, or nonfunctioning tumors, which often manifest late because of mass effect. PanNENs are histopathologically classified as well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (panNETs) or poorly differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinomas (panNECs) according to the 2010 World Health Organization (WHO) classification system. Recent advances in cytogenetics and molecular biology have shown substantial heterogeneity in panNECs, and a new tumor subtype, well-differentiated, high-grade panNET, has been introduced. High-grade panNETs and panNECs are two distinct entities with different pathogenesis, clinical features, imaging findings, treatment options, and prognoses. The 2017 WHO classification system and the eighth edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system include substantial changes. Multidetector CT, MRI, and endoscopic US help in anatomic localization of the primary tumor, local-regional spread, and metastases. Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy and fluorine 18fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT are helpful for functional and metabolic assessment. Knowledge of recent updates in the pathogenesis, classification, and staging of panNENs and familiarity with their imaging findings allow optimal patient treatment. © RSNA, 2020 • radiographics.rsna.org

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Section: Eighth Edition Of the Ajcc Staging Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hypervascular metastases to the pancreas from primary malignancies such as renal cell carcinoma, thyroid cancer, and melanoma may resemble panNENs at imaging (Fig 17) (25,26). Serous microcystadenoma or cystadenocarcinoma with avidly enhancing hypervascular stroma may appear solid at CT, mimicking pan-NENs.…”

Section: Mimics Of Pannensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: 2020 Update on Pathologic and Imaging Findings and Classification

Khanna¹,

Prasad²,

Sunnapwar³

et al. 2020

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“…When a hypervascular pancreatic or peri-pancreatic lesion is found, panNENs differential diagnosis should also include metastasis from primary hypervascular malignancies, such as renal cell carcinoma, thyroid cancer, and melanoma, as well as an intra-pancreatic or peri-pancreatic accessory spleen and duodenal gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) arising from the second portion of the duodenum [33][34][35][36].…”

Section: Computed Tomography (Ct)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms

Chiti

Grazzini

Cozzi

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (panNENs) represent the second most common pancreatic tumors. They are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms with varying clinical expression and biological behavior, from indolent to aggressive ones. PanNENs can be functioning or non-functioning in accordance with their ability or not to produce metabolically active hormones. They are histopathologically classified according to the 2017 World Health Organization (WHO) classification system. Although the final diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumor relies on histologic examination of biopsy or surgical specimens, both morphologic and functional imaging are crucial for patient care. Morphologic imaging with ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used for initial evaluation and staging of disease, as well as surveillance and therapy monitoring. Functional imaging techniques with somatostatin receptor scintigraphy (SRS) and positron emission tomography (PET) are used for functional and metabolic assessment that is helpful for therapy management and post-therapeutic re-staging. This article reviews the morphological and functional imaging modalities now available and the imaging features of panNENs. Finally, future imaging challenges, such as radiomics analysis, are illustrated.

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“…The pattern of enhancement, that is, hypoenhancing versus hypoenhancing/hypervascular lesions is often helpful. 46 Hypoenhancing tumors resemble PDAC and include adenosquamous carcinoma, ACC, and nonepithelial neoplasms such as lymphoma and some metastases. Hyperenhancing masses can resemble pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors and include hypervascular metastases, and (rarely) solitary fibrous tumors.…”

Section: Differential Diagnosis and Take-home Pointsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hyperenhancing masses can resemble pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors and include hypervascular metastases, and (rarely) solitary fibrous tumors. 46 Having said that, image guided biopsy remains the mainstay for diagnosis, and attempting to give a definitive diagnosis based on imaging alone should be avoided in most cases (►Table 2). Fig.…”

Section: Differential Diagnosis and Take-home Pointsmentioning

confidence: 99%