Rare histotypes of epithelial biliary tract tumors: A literature review

Sapuppo, Elena; Brunetti, Oronzo; Tessitore, Dalila; Brandi, Giovanni; Giovanni, Nicola Di; Fadda, Guido; Luchini, Claudio; Martini, Maurizio; Quaresmini, Davide; Russo, Antonio; Santarpía, Mariacarmela; Scarpa, Aldo; Scartozzi, Mario; Tuccari, Giovanni; Franchina, Tindara; Silvestris, Nicola

doi:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103892

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 125 publications

(175 reference statements)

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“…Histologically, pCCA and dCCA mainly cover mucinous adenocarcinomas or papillary tumors beyond which several additional histological subtypes could be also noticed in eCCA, rarely but factually ( 141 ). Adenosquamous carcinoma featured with concomitant adenocarcinoma and squamous carcinoma accounts for 2% of eCCA as previously reported ( 142 ).…”

Section: Rare Histological Subtypes Related To Ecca Less Is Morementioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: from here to where?

Yang

Zhang

2023

Front. Oncol.

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Extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (eCCA) contains perihilar cholangiocarcinoma and distal cholangiocarcinoma both of which can arise at any point of the biliary tree and originate from disparate anatomical sites. Generally, the incidence of eCCA is increasing globally. Though surgical resection is the principal treatment of choice for the early stages of eCCA, optimal survival remains restricted by the high risk of recurrence when most patients are present with unresectable disease or distant metastasis. Furthermore, both intra- and intertumoral heterogeneity make it laborious to determine molecularly targeted therapies. In this review, we mainly focused on current findings in the field of eCCA, mostly including epidemiology, genomic abnormalities, molecular pathogenesis, tumor microenvironment, and other details while a summary of the biological mechanisms driving eCCA may shed light on intricate tumorigenesis and feasible treatment strategies.

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Section: Rare Histological Subtypes Related To Ecca Less Is Morementioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: from here to where?

Yang

Zhang

2023

Front. Oncol.

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“…According to Charbit et al (24), the squamous carcinoma component of tumors, which develops twice as rapidly as does the AC component, is most likely responsible for the cancer's very aggressive biological features (the doubling times are 81 and 166 days, respectively). Some scholars believe that enhanced proliferating cell nuclear antigen action in the squamous component of GBASC might contribute to the higher rate of progression as shown by bigger, locally progressed tumors; this would explain the incidence of bulky tumors and surrounding organ contacts in patients with GBASC and thus make T stage an important prognostic indicator for patients with GBASC (25).…”

Section: Survivalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic response analysis for patients with adenosquamous carcinoma of the gallbladder: data analysis based on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database

Fang¹,

Wang²,

Wang³

et al. 2023

J Gastrointest Oncol

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Background: Adenosquamous carcinoma of the gallbladder (GBASC) is a rare histological variant without defined appropriate clinical measures.Methods: Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, data on a cohort of patients with GBASC were collected from 21 cancer registries between 1975 and 2018. We used Kaplan-Meier analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of different treatment regimens on patients with GBASC. Then we used Cox proportional hazards regression method to determine the prognostic factors for cancer-specific survival (CSS) of GBASC patients.Results: A total of 388 patients with GBASC were identified: 80 patients diagnosed as early stage and 308 patients diagnosed as advanced stage. For early-stage GBASC, radical lymph node dissection improved the CSS significantly; for advanced-stage GBASC, radical surgery, nonradical surgery, lymph node dissection, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy improved the CSS significantly. Surgery, lymph node dissection, radiation, chemotherapy, age, race, and the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage were the independent risk factors for the CSS of GBASC patients.Conclusions: Radical intraoperative lymph node dissection provided a survival benefit for patients with early-stage GBASC, whereas chemotherapy and radiotherapy provided no significant benefit; surgical treatment, more complete lymph node dissection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy provided survival benefits for patients with advanced GBASC. The prognosis for GBASC patients is affected by the factors of surgery, lymph node dissection, radiation, chemotherapy, age, race, and the AJCC stage.

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“…Given that these cancers comprise less than 1% of all total carcinomas, most of the literature on ASCs is limited to case reports or small series [ 5 , 6 ]. There are no studies that systematically and robustly compare ASCs to nonvariant histologies, which limits the ability of researchers and clinicians to make meaningful comparisons to conventional adenocarcinomas (ACs) and squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Adenosquamous Carcinomas

Benesch,

Ramos-Santillan,

Rog

et al. 2024

World J Oncol

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Background Adenosquamous carcinomas (ASCs) are a very rare histology containing cancer cells with both glandular-like (adeno) and squamous cell histologies, comprising typically a fraction of a percent of all solid tumors. The bulk of the literature on ASCs is comprised of case reports and small series, with the general finding that ASCs tend to have worse outcomes than either of their parent histologies. However, there is a lack of pan site-comparative studies in the literature that compare ASC clinicodemographic and survival outcomes with those of conventional adenocarcinomas (ACs) and squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). Methods In this study, we summarize these outcomes in eight primary sites, comprising 92.7% of all ASC cases diagnosed from 1975 to 2020 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Results Lung ASCs comprise 51.5% of all ASC cases, accounting for 1.1% of all lung cancer cases, followed by uterine/cervical cancers at 29.7% of all ASC cases, translating into 1.8% of all cancers in this site. In descending order, the remaining 20% of ASCs arise in pancreatic, oral cavity, biliary, esophageal, colorectal, and gastric sites, comprising between 0.1% and 0.7% of all cancers in these sites. Apart from pancreatic and oral cavity cancers, ASC tumors tended to favor higher rates of regional or distant disease at presentation with poor tumor differentiation compared to either AC or SCC histologies. After multivariable analysis, adjusting for age, sex, detection stage, grade differentiation, surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, except for oral cavity cancers, ASCs tended to have worse overall survivals compared to ACs (hazard ratios: 1.1 - 1.6) and SCC (1.0 - 1.3), with colorectal ASCs having the worse overall survival compared to colorectal ACs, with a hazard ratio of 1.4 (95% confidence interval: 1.3 - 1.6). Conclusions Overall, these results suggest that ASC outcomes are site specific, and in general, tend to have worse outcomes than nonvariant ACs and SCCs even after correction for common clinical and epidemiological factors. These cancers have a poorly understood but unique tumor biology that warrants further characterization.

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Rare histotypes of epithelial biliary tract tumors: A literature review

Cited by 8 publications

References 125 publications

An overview of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: from here to where?

An overview of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: from here to where?

Therapeutic response analysis for patients with adenosquamous carcinoma of the gallbladder: data analysis based on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database

Epidemiology of Adenosquamous Carcinomas

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