Rare earths in Philippine phosphogypsum: Use them or lose them

Ramirez, Jennyvi D.; Diwa, Reymar R.; Palattao, Botvinnik L.; Haneklaus, Nils; Tabora, Estrellita U.; Bautista, Angel T.; Reyes, Rolando

doi:10.1016/j.exis.2022.101082

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The PG has a low content of REEs, with the total amount in the mass range of 0.343–0.637% ( Grabas et al., 2019 ). However, PG is a potential source of REEs due to its high annual production ( Ramirez et al., 2022 ). With the development of science and technology, the leaching rate of REEs continues to increase.…”

Section: Pretreatment Methods Of Pgmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recycling phosphogypsum in road construction materials and associated environmental considerations: A review

Men¹,

Li²,

Cheng³

et al. 2022

Heliyon

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Section: Pretreatment Methods Of Pgmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recycling phosphogypsum in road construction materials and associated environmental considerations: A review

Men¹,

Li²,

Cheng³

et al. 2022

Heliyon

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“…The PPP mode mining heritage reuse project involves a wide range of risk of a high complexity. This study is based on literature analysis [37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46], following the principles of comprehensiveness, scientificity, objectivity, and feasibility, to screen and extract the risk factors that exist in mining heritage reuse PPP projects, and construct a list of risk factors of mining heritage reuse PPP projects because of current problems in this field. The final risk-factor identification list for the mining heritage reuse PPP project is shown in Table 1 below.…”

Section: Risk Factor Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Assessment of Mining Heritage Reuse in Public–Private-Partnership Mode Based on Improved Matter–Element Extension Model

Yang,

Zhuo,

et al. 2023

Mathematics

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With the development and utilization of resources, mineral-resource cities face the dilemma of resource depletion, the environmental restoration of mines, and industrial transformation. Reusing their mining heritage is a good way for these cities to change their mono-industrial structure and vigorously develop successor industries. Due to the complexity of reusing mining heritage, introducing the “Public–Private-Partnership” (PPP) mode can be a good solution to the problems of the government’s mining heritage reuse, such as large capital investment and a long construction-cycle time. To accurately classify the risk of reuse of mining heritage in the PPP mode, 26 indicators are selected to construct the evaluation index system of mining heritage reuse in the PPP mode based on five aspects: social capital-side, contractor-side, government-side, civilian-side, and the natural environment. The path coefficients of the structural equation model are used to calculate the weights of the indicators. The improved matter–element extension model is constructed to evaluate the reuse of mining heritage in the PPP mode. The Jiaozuo-Centennial Mining Heritage Park project is the object of research for applying the model. The results show that the risk evaluation index system combines the risk factors from the stakeholders’ perspective. The risk-evaluation model of the mining heritage reuse PPP project is constructed based on the combination of the improved matter–element extension model, the calculation of the asymmetric closeness, and the structural equation modeling method, which solves the drawbacks of the traditional model, such as the difficulty of determining the weights of the indicators, the incomplete scope of the material element domains, and the poor calculation of the comprehensive correlation degree. The case analysis shows that the risk level of the Jiaozuo-Centennial Mining Heritage Park project is Level II. This aligns with the actual situation and verifies the feasibility of the risk-evaluation model applied to the actual project. The research in this paper fills the gap in the risk model of mining heritage reuse in the PPP mode, enriches the theoretical system of risk evaluation of mining heritage reuse projects, and provides reference significance for similar mining heritage development projects in the future.

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“…Sedimentary Abu Tartur phosphate ore from Egypt contains relatively high concentrations of up to 0.05-0.20 wt. % REEs [12][13][14][15][16], compared to those found in other sedimentary phosphate ores, which are roughly 0.05% [16,17]. During wet phosphoric acid (WPA) production, the predominant process used to process phosphate ore to fertilizer, most of the REEs (>80%) in the phosphate ore are transferred to the solid phosphogypsum byproduct from where recovery is a challenge [14,[18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaching of rare earths from Abu Tartur (Egypt) phosphate rock with phosphoric acid

Roshdy

Haggag

Masoud

et al. 2022

J Mater Cycles Waste Manag

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The leaching of rare earth elements (REEs) from Egyptian Abu Tartur phosphate rock using phosphoric acid has been examined and was subsequently optimized to better understand if such an approach could be industrially feasible. Preliminary experiments were performed to properly define the design of experiments. Afterward, 24 full factorial design was implemented to optimize the leaching process. Optimum REEs leaching efficiency (96.7 ± 0.9%) was reached with the following conditions: phosphoric acid concentration of 30 wt.-% P2O5, liquid/solid ratio, mL/g, of 5:1, at 20 °C, and 120 min of leaching time. The apparent activation energy of the dissolution of REEs from phosphate rock using the phosphoric acid solution was -19.6 kJ/mol. D2EHPA was subsequently applied as an organic solvent for REEs separation from the acquired leach liquor. REEs stripping and precipitation were conducted, and finally, rare earth oxides with a purity of 88.4% were obtained. The leach liquor was further treated with concentrated sulfuric acid to recover the used phosphoric acid and produce gypsum with a purity of >95% at the same time. A flow diagram for this innovative cleaner production process was developed, and larger-scale experiments are proposed to further understand this promising approach to comprehensive phosphate rock processing.

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Rare earths in Philippine phosphogypsum: Use them or lose them

Cited by 6 publications

References 21 publications

Recycling phosphogypsum in road construction materials and associated environmental considerations: A review

Recycling phosphogypsum in road construction materials and associated environmental considerations: A review

Risk Assessment of Mining Heritage Reuse in Public–Private-Partnership Mode Based on Improved Matter–Element Extension Model

Leaching of rare earths from Abu Tartur (Egypt) phosphate rock with phosphoric acid

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