Rare Earth, Titanium Group Metals, and Reactive Metals Production

Reaction-Mediator-Based Chlorination for the Recycling of Titanium Metal Scrap Utilizing Chloride Waste

“…As described in the previous section, salt-1 forms MgCl 3 -SmCl 3 -SmCl 2 molten salt at 1100 K. The XRD analyses indicate that during the regeneration experiment at 1100 K, SmCl 3 and Fe were formed by the reaction of SmCl 2 with FeCl 2 in the molten salt. Thus, it is concluded that the SmCl 3 reaction mediator in molten MgCl 2 can be regenerated by FeCl 2 according to regeneration reaction (7). Together, the above experimental results demonstrate that SmCl 3 in molten MgCl 2 can smoothly chlorinate Ti into TiCl 4 gas and that the SmCl 2 generated in molten salt can be Expected composition change during the chlorination of the Ti rod.…”

Improvement of the Oxidation Behavior of Yb-Gd-Si Ternary Alloys at Low Temperatures via Ti Addition

“…For instance, the rates of weight gain at 850-900 ℃ for Yb-Gd-Si, YGTS-0.5, and YGTS-1 were ~0.89-2.7 × 10 -1 °C -1 , ~7.7 × 10 -2 °C -1 , and ~4.7 × 10 -2 °C -1 , respectively. In a previous study, the oxidation behavior of Yb-Gd-Si did not depend on the amount of H2O, although it strongly correlated to the oxygen partial pressure in the atmosphere because the oxidation proceeded by the formation of Yb2O3, wherein the Gibbs free energy of formation was quite low (~-1000 kJ mol -1 at 600-900 ℃ [29]).…”

Production of nuclear grade zirconium: A review

“…The interfacial reactions between the two phases are shown in Eqs. (9) and (10). It can be clearly seen that the reaction between hafnium and copper chloride is thermodynamically more favourable than that between zirconium and copper chloride.…”

“…For zirconium metal, the presence of oxygen, nitrogen and Flowsheet of nuclear grade zirconium production (Regenerated from literature [9]). carbon will greatly decrease its ductility and consequently degrade the mechanical properties.…”