Rare-earth metal catalysts for high-pressure synthesis of rare diamonds

Palyanov, Yuri N.; Borzdov, Yuri M.; Kupriyanov, Igor N.; Khohkhryakov, Alexander F.; Nechaev, Denis V.

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-88038-5

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…Finally, we have to note, that a direct observation and structural analysis of Eu-defects are very difficult due to small concentrations of these inclusions and did not carry out in this work, which unambiguously showed really effective way of Eu atoms integration into the diamond lattice. Until now, this remains an open question in theory and experiment [47][48][49][50].…”

Section: Xrf Xeol Tem and Raman Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

X-ray Exited Optical Luminescence of Eu in Diamond Crystals Synthesized at High-pressure High-temperature

Лебедев¹,

Shakhov²,

Vul³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Diamond powders with inclusions of europium atoms were synthesized at high pressure (7.7 GPa) and temperature (1800oC) from a mixture of pentaerythritol, C(CH2OH)4, and pyrolyzate of diphthalocyanine (C64H32N16Eu) served as a special precursor. In prepared diamonds by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, we have found the concentration of Eu atoms of 51±5 ppm that is by two orders of magnitude greater than that in known natural and synthetic diamonds. X-ray diffraction, SEM, X-ray exited optical luminescence, Raman and IR spectroscopy have confirmed the formation of diamond monocrystals of high quality with em-bedded Eu atoms and a nitrogen content of ~500 ppm. Numerical simulation has allowed us de-termine the energy cost of 5.8 eV needed for the incorporation of a single Eu atom with adjacent vacancy into growing diamond crystal (528 carbons).

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Section: Xrf Xeol Tem and Raman Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

X-ray Exited Optical Luminescence of Eu in Diamond Crystals Synthesized at High-pressure High-temperature

Лебедев¹,

Shakhov²,

Vul³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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show abstract

“…Energetically, a distribution of single Eu atoms substituting carbons and stabilized by vacancies in the neighborhood seems more profitable. Until now, a preferable mode of integration of lanthanides into the diamond lattice remains an open question in theory and experiment [ 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

X-ray Excited Optical Luminescence of Eu in Diamond Crystals Synthesized at High Pressure High Temperature

et al. 2023

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Powder diamonds with integrated europium atoms were synthesized at high pressure (7.7 GPa) and temperature (1800 °C) from a mixture of pentaerythritol with pyrolyzate of diphthalocyanine (C64H32N16Eu) being a special precursor. In diamonds prepared by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, we have found a concentration of Eu atoms of 51 ± 5 ppm that is by two orders of magnitude greater than that in natural and synthetic diamonds. X-ray diffraction, SEM, X-ray exited optical luminescence, and Raman and IR spectroscopy have confirmed the formation of high-quality diamond monocrystals containing Eu and a substantial amount of nitrogen (~500 ppm). Numerical simulation has allowed us to determine the energy cost of 5.8 eV needed for the incorporation of a single Eu atom with adjacent vacancy into growing diamond crystal (528 carbons).

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“…These metals, as well as Ti, Zr, Hf are considered carbide-, nitride- and hydride-forming elements, although the main peculiarity is that they are strong reducing agents. Therefore, it is suggested that the proposed mechanism of formation of low-nitrogen diamond in the presence of other metals such as Al, Mg, Zr, Hf 2 , 3 , 7 , 8 , 14 or even rare earth elements (REE) 53 is the same as in the case of Ti.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The composition of the fluid phase in inclusions in synthetic HPHT diamonds grown in system Fe–Ni–Ti–C

Сонин

Томиленко

Жимулев

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Diamonds grown by high pressure high temperature process (HPHT) are usually characterized by yellow color and high contents of nitrogen. Introduction of Ti decreases nitrogen content in diamond. Understanding the formation of nitrogen-poor diamond is very important not for the progress of HPHT process only, but because these diamond varieties represent the rare natural stones, although their crystallization conditions have not been clarified yet. Here we studied the composition of fluid phase in synthetic diamonds. The experiments were performed using a high-pressure apparatus BARS at pressures 5.5–6.0 GPa and temperatures 1350–1400 °C. It was found that introduction of metallic Ti leads to concentration of nitrogen mainly as nitrogenated hydrocarbons. The hypothesis that elucidates the formation of low-nitrogen diamond in Fe–Ni is proposed: the presence of Ti leads to an increase of hydrogen fugacity in the metal melt which drastically reduces the nitrogen solubility. As a result, nitrogen concentrates in the form of complex hydrocarbon compounds, while diamond grows colorless and characterized by very low nitrogen content. It is suggested that the proposed mechanism acts the same way in the presence of other metals which are strong reducing agents.

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Rare-earth metal catalysts for high-pressure synthesis of rare diamonds

Cited by 8 publications

References 30 publications

X-ray Exited Optical Luminescence of Eu in Diamond Crystals Synthesized at High-pressure High-temperature

X-ray Exited Optical Luminescence of Eu in Diamond Crystals Synthesized at High-pressure High-temperature

X-ray Excited Optical Luminescence of Eu in Diamond Crystals Synthesized at High Pressure High Temperature

The composition of the fluid phase in inclusions in synthetic HPHT diamonds grown in system Fe–Ni–Ti–C

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