Rare earth elements in the upland soils of northern China: Spatial variation, relationships, and risk assessment

Lian, Zhongmin; Han, Yixuan; Xue, Yinglan; Gu, Xiang; XumaoZhao,

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136062

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…The ratio of LREEs/REEs in all areas was high (over 60%) and the ratio of LREEs/HREEs in these areas exhibited a rather large disparity, e.g., in the Southeast (6.9), while the Central Highlands (3.9), the Northwest (6.6) and the Northeast (5.2). The result was similar to the previous publication with the proportion of LREEs accounting for 5.04 -9.06 times which has been reported by Lian et al [21]. These results show that the elements of the LREEs group dominated the total content in all study areas with the proportions of 80.3% in the Southeast, 79.4% in the Northeast, and 79.5% in the Northwest, which are much higher 64.3% compared to the Central Highlands.…”

Section: The Geographical Distribution Of Reessupporting

confidence: 93%

“…In each area, the REEs content also fluctuates depending on altitude. Factors, i.e., the effects of weathering processes, erosion, and landslides cause sedimentation and increase REEs content in low-altitude locations [21,22]. In addition, the effects of farming activities, using fertilizers supplemented with REEs [23] and the processes of mining and transporting minerals and ores containing REEs also contribute to an increase in the REEs content in the soil.…”

Section: The Geographical Distribution Of Reesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial Variation of Rare Earth Elements (REEs) in Agricultural Soils Collected from Different Geographical Regions in Vietnam

Quang-Huy,

Hong-Chuyen,

Thanh-Nho

et al. 2023

PJAEC

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Rare earth elements (REEs) exist commonly in minerals, such as carbonates, silicates, fluorides, and phosphates. REEs are also found in coals, animals, algae, and plants which were proven to increase the growth, development, yield, and quality of crops. In the present study, a preliminary assessment of REEs contents in soils collected from different areas in Vietnam was performed using the methods of Fe(OH)3 and Mg(OH)2 co-precipitation to exclude interferences from the sample matrix before analyzing REEs on ICP-MS system. The contents of REEs (mg kg-1) were in descending of Ce > Nd > La > Pr > Sm > Gd > Dy > Tb > Er > Yb > Lu. The light REEs contents were always higher than the heavy REEs, accounting for more than 70% of the total contents. In addition, the REEs also differed in total contents between areas. The contents of REEs were as follows Northwest > Northeast > Central Highland > Southeast. These differences could be related to influences during the natural weathering processes for soil formation and human activities such as mining and cultivation via fertilizers.

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Section: The Geographical Distribution Of Reessupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: The Geographical Distribution Of Reesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Variation of Rare Earth Elements (REEs) in Agricultural Soils Collected from Different Geographical Regions in Vietnam

Quang-Huy,

Hong-Chuyen,

Thanh-Nho

et al. 2023

PJAEC

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“…In addition, the results showed that Ce is depleted in comparison to the other REEs, with all samples showing negative Ce anomaly, ranging from 0.03 to 0.82, with an average value of 0.33. Positive Ce anomaly is typically associated with the enrichment in HREEs, whereas negative Ce anomaly suggests LREEs enrichment [ 68 ]. Furthermore, positive Ce anomaly implies the presence of highly soluble Ce(III), whereas negative Ce anomaly suggests Ce(III) oxidation to weakly soluble Ce(IV) and is usually associated with high alkalinity or high pH values [ 6 , 37 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Variability of Rare Earth Elements in Groundwater in the Vicinity of a Coal-Fired Power Plant and Associated Health Risk

Vesković,

Lučić,

Ristić

et al. 2024

Toxics

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This study investigated the occurrence and distribution of rare earth elements (REEs), including 14 lanthanoids, scandium (Sc), and yttrium (Y), in groundwater around a large coal-fired thermal power plant (TPP). The ICP-MS technique was used to analyze 16 REEs in groundwater samples collected from monitoring wells. REE concentrations ranged from 59.9 to 758 ng/L, with an average of 290 ng/L. The most abundant was Sc, followed by La, accounting for 54.2% and 21.4% of the total REE concentration, respectively. Geospatial analysis revealed the REE enrichment at several hotspots near the TPP. The highest REE concentrations were observed near the TPP and ash landfill, decreasing with the distance from the plant and the landfill. REE fractionation ratios and anomalies suggested the Light REE dominance, comprising over 78% of the total REEs. Correlation and principal component analyses indicated similar behavior and sources for most REEs. Health risk assessment found hazard indices (HI) of 1.36 × 10−3 and 1.98 × 10−3 for adults and children, respectively, which are far below the permissible limit (HI = 1). Likewise, incremental lifetime cancer risks (ILCR) were all below 1 × 10−6. Nevertheless, ongoing ash disposal and potential accumulation in the environment could elevate the REE exposure over time.

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“…Ecological risk studies have been based on the toxicity coefficients of REYs, for which it was reported that they were similar to those of HMs [ 33 ]. It was reported that the ecological risks due to the REY presence in soil [ 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 ], sediment [ 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 ], and street dust were relatively low. Moreover, the estimated non-cancer and cancer human health risks from soil [ 45 , 46 , 47 ], sediments [ 48 ], air [ 49 ], and the consumption of vegetables fall below the acceptable safety limits [ 50 , 51 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological and Health Risks Attributed to Rare Earth Elements in Coal Fly Ash

Slavković-Beškoski,

Ignjatović,

Ćujić

et al. 2024

Toxics

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The occurrence and distribution of yttrium and rare earth elements (REYs), along with major elements and heavy metal(loid)s (HMs) in coal fly ash (CFA) from five coal-fired power plants (CFPPs), were analyzed, and the REY-associated ecological and health risks were assessed. The individual REYs in CFA were abundant in the following order: Ce > La > Nd > Y > Pr > Gd > Sm > Dy > Er > Yb > Eu > Ho > Tb > Tm > Lu. The total REY content ranged from 135 to 362 mg/kg, averaging 302 mg/kg. The mean light-to-heavy REY ratio was 4.1, indicating prevalent light REY enrichment in CFA. Significantly positive correlations between the REYs suggested that they coexist and share similar origins in CFA. REYs were estimated to pose low to moderate ecological risks, with risk index (RI) values ranging from 66 to 245. The hazard index (HI) and target cancer risk (TCR) of REYs from CFA, estimated to be higher for children (HIc = 0.15, TCRc = 8.4 × 10−16) than for adults (HIa = 0.017, TCRa = 3.6 × 10−16), were well below the safety limits (HI = 1, TCR = 1.0 × 10−6). However, the danger to human health posed by HMs in the same CFA samples (HIc = 5.74, TCRc = 2.6 × 10−4, TCRa = 1.1 × 10−4) exceeded the safe thresholds (excl. HIa = 0.63). The mean RI and HI attributed to REYs in CFA were 14% and 2.6%, respectively, of the total risks that include HMs.

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Rare earth elements in the upland soils of northern China: Spatial variation, relationships, and risk assessment

Cited by 11 publications

References 55 publications

Spatial Variation of Rare Earth Elements (REEs) in Agricultural Soils Collected from Different Geographical Regions in Vietnam

Spatial Variation of Rare Earth Elements (REEs) in Agricultural Soils Collected from Different Geographical Regions in Vietnam

Spatial Variability of Rare Earth Elements in Groundwater in the Vicinity of a Coal-Fired Power Plant and Associated Health Risk

Ecological and Health Risks Attributed to Rare Earth Elements in Coal Fly Ash

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