Rare Earth Elements and their Isotopes in the Ocean

Nozaki, Yoshiyuki

doi:10.1006/rwos.2001.0284

Cited by 85 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…Within the upper ca 100 m of the water column, it exhibits a negative Ce anomaly (Figure 6(b)), similar to the dissolved fraction of seawater itself (Figure 6(a)). The anomaly becomes strongly positive to ca 1000 m depth, possibly in response to the crystallization of the fully oxidized suspended Mn oxide, on which Ce 4+ is adsorbed through biologically mediated redox and adsorption reactions [58]. The 3+ valence REE are also enriched in the Mn-oxide, the light REE more so than the heavy REE in accord with their partition coefficients with complexes [11][12][13].…”

Section: Seawatermentioning

confidence: 98%

Normalized Rare Earth Elements in Water, Sediments, and Wine: Identifying Sources and Environmental Redox Conditions

Piper¹,

Bau²

2013

AJAC

151

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The concentrations of the rare earth elements (REE) in surface waters and sediments, when normalized on an elementby-element basis to one of several rock standards and plotted versus atomic number, yield curves that reveal their partitioning between different sediment fractions and the sources of those fractions, for example, between terrestrial-derived lithogenous debris and seawater-derived biogenous detritus and hydrogenous metal oxides. The REE of ancient sediments support their partitioning into these same fractions and further contribute to the identification of the redox geochemistry of the sea water in which the sediments accumulated. The normalized curves of the REE that have been examined in several South American wine varietals can be interpreted to reflect the lithology of the bedrock on which the vines may have been grown, suggesting limited fractionation during soil development.

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Section: Seawatermentioning

confidence: 98%

Normalized Rare Earth Elements in Water, Sediments, and Wine: Identifying Sources and Environmental Redox Conditions

Piper¹,

Bau²

2013

AJAC

151

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“…31 of the elements included in Table 1 are considered to have a single common oxidation state, 12,13 i.e., Li + , Na + , K + , Rb + , Cs + , Be 2+ , Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , Sr 2+ , Ba 2+ , Sc 3+ , Y 3+ , La 3+ , Zr 4+ , Hf 4+ , Ta 5+ , Ni 2+ , Ag + , Zn 2+ , Cd 2+ , B 3+ , Al 3+ , Average SSEs for cations in each oxidation state are listed in Tabe S4 and plotted in Figure 5. SSE trends to deeper energies with increasing oxidation state.…”

Section: Solid State Energy Oxidation State Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic solid state energy scale: Universality and periodic trends in oxidation state

Pelatt

Kokenyesi

Ravichandran

et al. 2015

Journal of Solid State Chemistry

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Atomic solid state energy scale: Universality and periodic Trends in oxidation state, Journal of Solid State Chemistry, http://dx. ABSTRACTThe atomic solid state energy (SSE) scale originates from a plot of the electron affinity (EA) and ionization potential (IP) versus band gap (E G ). SSE is estimated for a given atom by assessing an average EA (for a cation) or an average IP (for an anion) for binary inorganic compounds having that specific atom as a constituent. Physically, SSE is an experimentally-derived average frontier orbital energy referenced to the vacuum level. In its original formulation, 69 binary closed-shell inorganic semiconductors and insulators were employed as a database, providing SSE estimates for 40 elements.In this contribution, EA and IP versus E G are plotted for an additional 92 compounds, thus yielding SSE estimates for a total of 64 elements from the s-, p-, d-, and f-blocks of the periodic table. Additionally, SSE is refined to account for its dependence on oxidation state. Although most cations within the SSE database are found to occur in a single oxidation state, data are available for nine d-block transition metals and one p-block main group metal in more than one oxidation state. SSE is deeper in energy for a higher cation oxidation state. Two p-block main group non-metals within the SSE database are found to exist in both positive and negative oxidation states so that they can function as a cation or anion.SSEs for most cations are positioned above -4.5 eV with respect to the vacuum level, and SSEs for all anions are positioned below. Hence, the energy -4.5 eV, equal to the hydrogen donor/acceptor ionization 2 energy ε(+/-) or equivalently the standard hydrogen electrode energy, is considered to be an absolute energy reference for chemical bonding in the solid state.

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Section: Ce Anomaly In the Bonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence of Ce 3+ in solutions from which it can be scavenged by apatite, requires a reduction from Ce 4+ to Ce 3+ (e.g., Nozaki, 2001). The reduction can take place under anoxic to suboxic conditions (e.g., Nozaki, 2001). However, marine and continental water, as well as pore water, are commonly characterised by a negative Ce anomaly, because cerium is quickly oxidised and easily bound by various ligands, solid particles, Fe-Mn compounds, and other authigenic phases (e.g., Alibo and Nozaki, 1999;Dia et al, 2000;Haley et al, 2004;Pattan et al, 2005;Leybourne and Johannesson, 2008;Pourret et al, 2008).…”

Section: Ce Anomaly In the Bonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability of trace element uptake in marine reptile bones from three Triassic sites (S Poland): Influence of diagenetic processes on the host rock and significance of the applied methodology

Kowal-Linka

Jochum

2015

Chemical Geology

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Rare Earth Elements and their Isotopes in the Ocean

Cited by 85 publications

References 13 publications

Normalized Rare Earth Elements in Water, Sediments, and Wine: Identifying Sources and Environmental Redox Conditions

Normalized Rare Earth Elements in Water, Sediments, and Wine: Identifying Sources and Environmental Redox Conditions

Atomic solid state energy scale: Universality and periodic trends in oxidation state

Variability of trace element uptake in marine reptile bones from three Triassic sites (S Poland): Influence of diagenetic processes on the host rock and significance of the applied methodology

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