“…Among the commonly studied materials are foraminiferas (Palmer, 1985 ), corals (Scherer and Seitz, 1980;Sholkovitz and Shen, 1995), other carbonate allochems (e.g., Nothdurft et al, 2004), conodonts (e.g., Wright et al, 1987), fish teeth (Grandjean et al, 1987), reptile teeth (Picard et al, 2002), phosphate , chert (Murray et al, 1992), and reefal microbialites (Webb and Kamber, 2000). However, to some degree all of these potential proxies suffer from problems that complicate their REE signals and thus the subsequent interpretation of the seawater composition and other oceanographic processes (Webb and Kamber, 2000;Bright et al, 2009).…”