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The potential of three‐dimensional (3D) printing technology in the fabrication of advanced polymer composites is becoming increasingly evident. This review discusses the latest research developments and applications of 3D printing in polymer composites. First, it focuses on the optimization of 3D printing technology, that is, by upgrading the equipment or components or adjusting the printing parameters, to make them more adaptable to the processing characteristics of polymer composites and to improve the comprehensive performance of the products. Second, it focuses on the 3D printable novel consumables for polymer composites, which mainly include the new printing filaments, printing inks, photosensitive resins, and printing powders, introducing the unique properties of the new consumables and different ways to apply them to 3D printing. Finally, the applications of 3D printing technology in the preparation of functional polymer composites (such as thermal conductivity, electromagnetic interference shielding, biomedicine, self‐healing, and environmental responsiveness) are explored, with a focus on the distribution of the functional fillers and the influence of the topological shapes on the properties and functional characteristics of the 3D printed products. The aim of this review is to deepen the understanding of the convergence between 3D printing technology and polymer composites and to anticipate future trends and applications.image
The potential of three‐dimensional (3D) printing technology in the fabrication of advanced polymer composites is becoming increasingly evident. This review discusses the latest research developments and applications of 3D printing in polymer composites. First, it focuses on the optimization of 3D printing technology, that is, by upgrading the equipment or components or adjusting the printing parameters, to make them more adaptable to the processing characteristics of polymer composites and to improve the comprehensive performance of the products. Second, it focuses on the 3D printable novel consumables for polymer composites, which mainly include the new printing filaments, printing inks, photosensitive resins, and printing powders, introducing the unique properties of the new consumables and different ways to apply them to 3D printing. Finally, the applications of 3D printing technology in the preparation of functional polymer composites (such as thermal conductivity, electromagnetic interference shielding, biomedicine, self‐healing, and environmental responsiveness) are explored, with a focus on the distribution of the functional fillers and the influence of the topological shapes on the properties and functional characteristics of the 3D printed products. The aim of this review is to deepen the understanding of the convergence between 3D printing technology and polymer composites and to anticipate future trends and applications.image
The optimization of flame retardancy and thermal conductivity in epoxy resin (EP), utilized in critical applications such as mechanical components and electronics packaging, is a significant challenge. This study introduces a novel, ultrasound‐assisted self‐assembly technique to create a dual‐functional filler consisting of carbon nanotubes and ammonium polyphosphate (CNTs@APP). This method, leveraging dynamic ligand interactions and strategic solvent selection, allows for precise control over the assembly and distribution of CNTs on APP surfaces, distinguishing it from conventional blending approaches. The integration of 7.5 wt.% CNTs@APP10 into EP nanocomposites results in substantial improvements in flame retardancy, as evidenced by a limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 31.8% and achievement of the UL‐94 V‐0 rating. Additionally, critical fire hazard indicators, including total heat release (THR), total smoke release (TSR), and the peak intensity of CO yield (PCOY), are significantly reduced by 45.9% to 77.5%. This method also leads to a remarkable 3.6‐fold increase in char yield, demonstrating its game‐changing potential over traditional blending techniques. Moreover, despite minimal CNTs addition, thermal conductivity is notably enhanced, showing a 53% increase. This study introduces a novel approach in the development of multifunctional EP nanocomposites, offering potential for wide range of applications.
This study presents the synthesis and characterization of novel lanthanide complexes, specifically La (III) and Gd (III), designed as flame-retardant additives for paint formulations. The complexes were synthesized and thoroughly characterized using different spectroscopic techniques, complemented by density functional theory computational calculation insights. The resulting La (III) and Gd (III) complexes were then incorporated into paint formulations, and the physical properties of the modified coatings were systematically evaluated. Ignitability and the minimum oxygen percentage required for sustained combustion were quantified according to standardized procedures. The modified coatings demonstrated enhanced mechanical and ignition properties in comparison to blank samples. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) values were notably higher, underscoring the efficacy of the lanthanide complexes as flame retardant additives. La complex led to an ignition time of 850 s and an LOI of 40, while Gd complex resulted in the same ignition time of 850 s and LOI of 50 compared to the uncoated sample of 550 s and an LOI of 16. The mechanical properties of the painted samples, engineered with the inclusion of these prepared metal complexes, exhibited a significant improvement. This comprehensive investigation provides valuable insights into the potential application of lanthanide complexes as effective flame-retardant additives in coatings, offering a promising avenue for enhancing the safety and performance of various materials.
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