Rare Earth and Critical Base Metals Electrodeposition Using Urea-Choline Chloride Ionic Liquids

Understanding the Electrode–Electrolyte Interfaces of Ionic Liquids and Deep Eutectic Solvents

“…Moreover, ILs featuring bulky cations tend to result in smaller structures, opening up possibilities for various nanoscale depositions, 129 with potential applications in the fabrication of sensors. 130 Due to the ability to tune metal speciation 131 and therefore the redox potentials, ILs are found to be advantageous for deposition of various metals such as aluminum (Al) 132 and rare earth metals, 133 with impactful applications such as the fabrication of semiconductors. 134 Even though the mechanistic understanding of how the individual ions in ILs control the deposition process is not yet fully developed, 135 ILs present a significant impact on deposit morphology, attributed to their unique interfacial structuring, in some cases their specific adsorption, and ultimately their influence on the charge transfer kinetics through speciation that differ from conventional electrolytes.…”