Rare cause for a common presentation: isolated pulmonary valve endocarditis yet another mimicker

Reza, Ahmed Shameem; Anand, Darpan; Cheng, S.; Anand, Dharampal

doi:10.1136/bcr-2018-224703

Cited by 9 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The antibiotic treatment may select for bacterial strains with physiologically or genetically enhanced capacity to survive high doses of antibiotics. 33 Under certain conditions, it may result in the preferential growth of resistant bacteria, while the growth of susceptible bacteria is inhibited by the drug. Resistance may take the form of biodegradation of pharmaceuticals, such as sulfamethazine-degrading soil bacteria introduced to sulfamethazine through medicated pig feces.…”

Section: Resistancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on a Potential of Antibiotics

Singh

Verma

Kumar

et al. 2018

J. Drug Delivery Ther.

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Observations about the growth of some microorganisms inhibiting the growth of other microorganisms have been reported since the late 1800s. These observations of antibiosis between microorganisms led to the discovery of natural antibacterial. This paper deliberates important findings of the educations conducted by numerous national and international combined organizations on a brief indication of the antibacterial agents׳ detection in recent years. In India especially the developing antibiotics, need to institute methods for the suitable choice of drug conduct a compound problem involving prescribers, dispensers, and consumers. Keywords: Antibiotic, Antibiotic resistance, bacterial Infection

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Section: Resistancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on a Potential of Antibiotics

Singh

Verma

Kumar

et al. 2018

J. Drug Delivery Ther.

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“…Interestingly, E. faecalis and viridans group streptococci, and not S. aureus , were the most commonly identified responsible organisms in this series [17] . E. faecalis was also identified as the causative organism responsible for isolated pulmonary valve in an otherwise healthy man who had previously undergone a colonoscopy and polypectomy [18] . Thus, isolated E. faecalis endocarditis of the pulmonic valve is very rare, as less than ten cases have been published in the literature to date, and many of these cases were associated with known risk factors, unlike the current case.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Isolated Enterococcus faecalis pulmonary valve endocarditis without precipitating risk factors: A case report describing delayed need for surgery three years after antimicrobial therapy

Biesboer

Ayala

Cummings

et al. 2021

International Journal of Surgery Case Reports

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Introduction and importance Isolated Enterococcus faecalis pulmonary valve endocarditis (PVE) without precipitating risk factors is exceeding rare, as fewer than ten cases have been published in the literature, most of which did not require surgical intervention. Case presentation An elderly individual presented for evaluation of dyspnea, fatigue, dizziness, weight loss, and a low-grade fever. The patient denied intravenous drug abuse, blood-borne viral infection, cardiac trauma, congenital heart disease, and immunocompromise. Echocardiography identified a large vegetation on the right pulmonary valve leaflet consistent with isolated PVE. Blood cultures grew E. faecalis . Computed tomography failed to reveal an infectious source. The patient completed a six-week course of antibiotics and was followed with serial echocardiography for three years, but subsequently developed severe pulmonic insufficiency and right heart failure necessitating pulmonary valve replacement. Clinical discussion Isolated PVE is responsible for less than 2.0% of all cases of infective endocarditis. The vast majority of reported cases are associated with risk factors and are caused by gram-positive organisms including Staphylococcus species and Streptococcus viridans . Echocardiography identifies most cases of isolated PVE. Septic embolization of vegetation fragments to lung parenchyma is common. Surgery is reserved for patients who are unresponsive to antibiotics or those who develop severe pulmonary insufficiency with symptoms of right heart failure, as seen here. Conclusion We present an unusual case of isolated E. faecalis PVE without known risk factors that required pulmonary valve replacement three years after antimicrobial therapy.

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“…PVE accounts for only 1.5%-2.0% of all cases of IE 3 . PVE has rarely been reported in the literature in the absence of concurrent involvement of other cardiac valves, 5 and its low incidence is thought to be secondary to multiple physiologic mechanisms 6 . It is known to occur most frequently in association with IV drug abuse,4, 7, 8, 9 and the most commonly isolated causative agents include Staphylococcus aureus , coagulase-negative Staphylococci, and group B Streptococci 4, 10…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%