Conventional chromosomal preparations of the Brazilian sidenecked turtle Phrynops hogei indicate the karyotype of this species (diploid number 2n = 58; fundamental number FN = 64) is identical to that reported for other members of the genus. Electron microscopic analysis of whole-cell complements of synaptonemal complexes corroborated the karyotypic description and provided definitive resolution of the acrocentric condition of the microchromosomes. Additionally, this approach provided a continuous sequence of prophase I nuclei which enabled detailed description of chromosomal behavior from leptonema through diakinesis and the sequence of centriolar replication.