Rare and endemic vascular plants of the Pitcairn Islands, south-central Pacific Ocean: A conservation appraisal

Waldren, S.; Florence, Jacques; Chepstow-Lusty, Alex

doi:10.1016/0006-3207(95)00017-x

Cited by 18 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…John, 1947;McKinnell, 1990;Rai, 1990) or Australia. hendersonense (Henderson Island) and S. boninense (Bonin Islands) (Maina et al, 1988;Waldren et al, 1995). The species endemic to the Juan Fernandez Islands (S. fernandezianum) became extinct in the last century because of human exploitation (Darwin, 1839;Stuessy et al, 1992).…”

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confidence: 99%

Phylogeny and biogeography of the sandalwoods (Santalum, Santalaceae): repeated dispersals throughout the Pacific

Harbaugh

Baldwin

2007

American J of Botany

164

156

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Results of the first genus-wide phylogenetic analysis for Santalum (Santalaceae), using a combination of 18S-26S nuclear ribosomal (ITS, ETS) and chloroplast (3' trnK intron) DNA sequences, provide new perspectives on relationships and biogeographic patterns among the widespread and economically important sandalwoods. Congruent trees based on maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian methods support an origin of Santalum in Australia and at least five putatively bird-mediated, long-distance dispersal events out of Australia, with two colonizations of Melanesia, two of the Hawaiian Islands, and one of the Juan Fernandez Islands. The phylogenetic data also provide the best available evidence for plant dispersal out of the Hawaiian Islands to the Bonin Islands and eastern Polynesia. Inability to reject rate constancy of Santalum ITS evolution and use of fossil-based calibrations yielded estimates for timing of speciation and colonization events in the Pacific, with dates of 1.0-1.5 million yr ago (Ma) and 0.4-0.6 Ma for onset of diversification of the two Hawaiian lineages. The results indicate that the previously recognized sections Polynesica, Santalum, and Solenantha, the widespread Australian species S. lanceolatum, and the Hawaiian species S. freycinetianum are not monophyletic and need taxonomic revision, which is currently being pursued.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeny and biogeography of the sandalwoods (Santalum, Santalaceae): repeated dispersals throughout the Pacific

Harbaugh

Baldwin

2007

American J of Botany

164

156

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“…These data were updated using the website of the National History Museum of Paris (2003Paris ( -2014. Online biodiversity databases were used for the Cook Islands (McCormack, 2007) and Pitcairn Islands (Waldren and Kingston, 1998) together with reviewed literature Kingston, 2001;Waldren et al, 1995). According to their biogeographical status, native species observed on the atolls included (i) the indigenous species (i.e.…”

Section: Methods 1 Characteristics Of the Coral Islandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 2. List of the entire endemic species observed on the 49 atolls, focusing on endemic distribution on the coral atolls of Makatea, Niau, Anaa (Tuamotu Islands) and Henderson (Pitcairn Islands) where endemic species richness is the highest of the atolls surveyed (Butaud and Jacq, 2009;Florence et al, 1995;Florence et al, 2007;Waldren et al, 1995). Note that 'French Polynesia endemic' and 'Eastern Polynesia endemic', i.e.…”

Section: Methods 1 Characteristics Of the Coral Islandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Native plant species richness on Eastern Polynesia’s remote atolls

Larrue

Butaud

Dumas

et al. 2015

Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment

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Which abiotic factors influence the number of native plant species on remote atolls is an important question to understand better the spatial pattern of the species observed on these low and vulnerable coral islands. However, this issue is still very poorly documented, often due to human degradation, partial botanical surveys or the difficult geographic access of remote atolls for researchers. The remote atolls of Eastern Polynesia, which are among the most isolated in the world, are of great interest for studies of native species' distribution due to their isolation, low human density and urbanisation. In this study, we selected 49 remote atolls of Eastern Polynesia with complete botanical surveys to test the relative influence of eight abiotic factors on native plant species richness (i.e. indigenous and endemic species). Abiotic factors used as potential predictors included atoll area (km 2 ), shoreline length (km), atoll elevation (m) and index of isolation (UNEP), but also the coastal index of the atoll (I c ), the distance to the nearest similar atoll (km), the distance to the nearest large volcanic island ! 1000 km 2 (here, Tahiti as a potential stepping-stone island) and the distance to the nearest raised atoll ! 15 m a.s.l. (here, Makatea or Henderson as a potential refugium during sea-level highstands). Spearman's rank correlation, linear regression analysis and frequency diagrams were used to assess the relative influence of these factors on native species richness. No relationship was found between the species richness and the index of isolation or the distance to the nearest similar atoll. Atoll area and distance to the nearest raised atoll of Makatea explained 47.1% and 40%, respectively, of the native species richness variation observed on the remote atolls. The distance to the volcanic island of Tahiti and the coastal index explained 36.9% and 27.3% of the variation, while elevation and shoreline length explained 23.3% and 18.4% of the variation, respectively. Native species richness on the atolls surveyed increased with the

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“…Pitcaim has a considerably larger nonnative flora than Henderson, most of which are relatively recent introductions, and some are highly invasive. As pointed out previously (Waldren et al, 1995a), great care should be taken to prevent their spread to Henderson. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite Henderson's hostile terrain and limited fresh water, the island's remoteness is probably the key factor that helps to preserve most of the native flora and fauna today. Of the 72 vascular plants recorded, 9 are considered endemic (Waldren, Florence & Chepstow-Lusty, 1995a). There are four endemic birds in addition to breeding populations of various seabirds, some of which are very locally distributed (Brooke, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%