Rapport and friendship in ethnographic research

Glesne, Corrine

doi:10.1080/0951839890020105

Cited by 42 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…17 In contrast, these roles are somewhat blurred in qualitative health research because both the participant (as expert) and the researcher (through immersion and questioning) contribute to the production of knowledge and give meaning to particular experiences. This level of personal interaction, as well as the similarities between building rapport behaviour and friendship-developing behaviour can cause misunderstandings 18 and result in complicated and "shifting boundaries". 19(p338) Boundary issues may also arise for researchers with a clinical background, particularly members of caring professions such as nursing, where the researcher-participant relationship challenges the researcher to balance their professional values with the constraints of the researcher role (this will be addressed in the next section).…”

Section: Participant Relationships and Unclear Relational Boundariesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…21,14 Rapport and friendship tap a common affective vein, drawing on attributes such as approachability, warmth, interest, trustworthiness and concern. 18 23 At the same time, they offer a therapeutic opportunity to participants where they can revisit and reorder past experiences. 24 The dyadic interaction between researcher and participant can also trigger the researcher's lived experience becoming part of the research process.…”

Section: Participant Relationships and Unclear Relational Boundariesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Undertaking ethical qualitative research in public health: are current ethical processes sufficient?

Kendall

Halliday²

2014

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health

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Section: Participant Relationships and Unclear Relational Boundariesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Participant Relationships and Unclear Relational Boundariesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Undertaking ethical qualitative research in public health: are current ethical processes sufficient?

Kendall

Halliday²

2014

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health

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“…The concept of friendship in this context needs much more analysis. The distinctions between 'rapport' and 'friendship' in research are unhelpfully blurred (Glesne, 1989). Friendship is not a simple or unitary phenomenon in any context: there are varieties of friendship, overlapping with other types of social connection such as kinship and community (Adams and Allan, 1999;Fehr, 1996;Tillmann-Healy, 2003;Spencer and Pahl, 2006).…”

Section: What About This Interview What Do You Feel About Taking Parmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interviewing Women Again: Power, Time and the Gift

Oakley¹

2015

Sociology

108

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The starting point for this paper is a contribution to qualitative research methodology published in 1981 called 'Interviewing women: a contradiction in terms?' This was based on the experience of interviewing women in a longitudinal study of the transition to motherhood -the Becoming a Mother study (1974)(1975)(1976)(1977)(1978)(1979) -and was subsequently much cited as helping to establish a new paradigm of feminist research. This paper re-appraises the arguments put forward in 'Interviewing women', discusses its incorporation into a narrative about feminist methodology, and presents and comments on new data collected in a follow-up to the BAM study conducted 37 years later. It argues that the complex political and social relationship between researcher and researched cannot easily be fitted into a paradigm of 'feminist' research, and that the concepts of a gift and of friendship as components in this relationship deserve more attention.

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“…Though, most extant ethnographic and netnographic studies advise maintaining a scholarly distance from participants (Schouten and McAlexander, 1995) and avoiding friendships that negatively influence researcher objectivity (Glesne, 1989;Labaree, 2002), there is a concomitant emergence of advice that promotes the importance of developing close "friendships" with participants, especially when exploring complex sociocultural phenomena (Glesne, 1989;Tillmann-Healy, 2003).…”

Section: Ethnographic Research Theories Of Friendship and The Role mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our proposed framework could be useful for netnographic researchers seeking to build a close rapport with participants as it sheds light on epistemological and methodological issues about one of the popular social networking sites that provides, as Kozinets (2015, p. 35) classifies, a "hyving social experience". In addition, we also contribute to an emerging body of cross-disciplinary literature on "friendship as method" (Owton and Allen-Collinson, 2014;Ellis, 2007;Glesne, 1989;Tillmann-Healy, 2003) by theorising the role of Facebook engagement in inspiring and sustaining 'friendships' with participants during ethnographic research.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From “participant” to “friend”: the role of Facebook engagement in ethnographic research

Edirisingha

Abarashi

Ferguson

et al. 2017

QMR

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the methodological significance and potential of integrating Facebook in ethnographic research. The authors discuss how friendly relationships with participants could be initiated, fostered and managed by incorporating Facebook in ethnographic data collection and how such relationships deepen ethnographic interpretation. Design/methodology/approach This paper focuses on the methodological implications of adopting “friendship as method” during ethnographic research. The discussion is premised upon a longitudinal, multi-method ethnographic research process exploring new family identity formation in Sri Lanka and New Zealand. Findings Building on friendship theories, the authors suggest that Facebook engagement helps overcome three challenges inherent to ethnographic research: gaining access and immersion, capturing multiple perspectives, and developing rich and thick interpretations. The findings illustrate that adopting Facebook as a platform to strengthen friendships with research participants expands the researcher’s field by enabling him to follow the ethics and pace of conventional friendship and by inspiring dialogical interaction with participants. Thus, it is suggested that Facebook helps diluting the power hierarchy in the participant–researcher relationship and encourages participants to reveal more subtle details of their mundane lived experiences. Originality/value Even though researchers have often used social media interactions in ethnographic research, there is no theoretical foundation to understand how such interactions could better inform the depth and richness of research phenomena. Particularly, considering the emerging significance of social media in personal identity construction, sustenance and enactment, it is import to understand how such mediums enable researchers overcome inherent methodological complexities. Therefore, this paper contributes to literature on conventional ethnography, netnography and friendship theories by presenting a theoretical framework to understand how Facebook interaction contributes to overcome challenges in conducting ethnographic research.

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Rapport and friendship in ethnographic research

Cited by 42 publications

References 5 publications

Undertaking ethical qualitative research in public health: are current ethical processes sufficient?

Undertaking ethical qualitative research in public health: are current ethical processes sufficient?

Interviewing Women Again: Power, Time and the Gift

From “participant” to “friend”: the role of Facebook engagement in ethnographic research

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