Rapists and Child Abusers Share Low Levels in Executive Updating, but Do not in Fluid Reasoning

Herrero, Óscar; Escorial, Sergio; Colom, Roberto

doi:10.5093/ejpalc2018a10

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The results have confirmed a significant increase in the use of avoidance strategies in a pandemic situation, specifically Cognitive avoidance (cognitive attempts to avoid thinking realistically about a problem), Acceptance or resignation (cognitive attempts to react to the problem by accepting it), Seeking alternative rewards (behavioral attempts to get involved in substitute activities and create new sources of satisfaction) and Emotional discharge (behavioral attempts to reduce tension by expressing negative feelings), in line with the literature that has pointed out the cognitive avoidance (Babore et al, 2020;Herrero et al, 2019;Vagni et al, 2020), and the emotional discharge to reduce tension through the expression of negative feelings, as the most likely resources for coping with an epidemic event (Teasdale et al, 2012). These avoidance strategies are not only ineffective, but also facilitate the appearance of psychological damage and incompetence to solve problems (APA, 2013;Brooks et al, 2019;Cacho et al, 2020;Mayorga et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Malestar psicológico y respuestas de afrontamiento al confinamiento por la COVID-19

et al. 2021

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La declaración de la situación de pandemia mundial por COVID en 2020, conllevó la implantación de medidas de confinamiento de la población y de limitación del contacto social, trayendo aparejada inseguridad económica y laboral, lo que la convierte en un evento altamente estresante. Estos producen malestar psicológico e impelen a los individuos a desplegar estrategias de afrontamiento para superar los efectos. Se diseñó un estudio de campo para conocer el malestar psicológico provocado por el confinamiento estricto y qué respuestas de afrontamiento activaron las personas para encarar este evento y, a través de ellas, evaluar la eficacia del afrontamiento ejercitado. Para ello se evaluó a una muestra comunitaria con 338 participantes que respondieron a una medida de malestar psicológico y a otra de afrontamiento del confinamiento. Los resultados mostraron una tasa de casos de deterioro moderado y clínico (.834) significativamente mayor a la esperada, siendo el incremento en la tasa de casos debida a la pandemia del 88%. En relación a las respuestas de afrontamiento, los resultados revelaron un incremento en el uso de estrategias evitativas, disminuyendo la confianza (-64.5%) en las estrategias aproximativas para el afrontamiento del confinamiento por la pandemia. Además, el afrontamiento del confinamiento por pandemia incrementó el uso de las estrategias cognitivas y comportamentales. Sobre la tasa de uso de las estrategias, se observó en todas una frecuencia de empleo significativa, siendo la estrategia de descarga emocional significativamente la más activada. Se discute la eficacia de las estrategias desplegadas por la población para el afrontamiento del confinamiento por pandemia, caracterizadas como desadaptativas, pasivas, evitativas y centradas en las emociones, y las implicaciones para el diseño de programas de potenciación.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Malestar psicológico y respuestas de afrontamiento al confinamiento por la COVID-19

et al. 2021

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“…These results were linked to deficits in working memory (Long and Prat, 2002); dysfunctions in selective attention (Fanti et al, 2016); poor cognitive flexibility or dysfunctions in cognitive inhibition (Lee and Orsillo, 2014); and poor abilities of goal formation and planning, carrying out goal-directed plans, and effective performance (Jurado and Rosselli, 2007). That is, poor skill at inhibiting responses linked to stimuli requiring the suppression of automatic responses (Herrero et al, 2019). Additionally, the case study has shown a significantly high rate of caseness among CPOs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Executive Functioning and Psychological Adjustment of Child-to-Parent Offenders: Epidemiology and Quantification of Harm

et al. 2021

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With the aim of ascertaining if child-to-parent offenders have impairments in the executive functions and psychological maladjustment, and to quantify the potential harm and epidemiology, a field study was designed. As for this, 76 juvenile offenders sentenced for child-to-parent violence were assessed in executive functions (Stroop tasks) and psychological adjustment (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Adolescent, MMPI-A). The results showed valid responses for 75 juveniles and that data were not generally biased in line with defensiveness or malingering (differential diagnosis in justice juvenile evaluations). In psychological adjustment, the results revealed a significantly higher maladjustment among offenders on all the basic clinical scales with 23% more symptoms of hysteria than the normative population, 37% more of depressive symptoms, 44% more of hypochondriac symptoms, 68% more of psychopathic deviation symptoms, 46% more of paranoid symptoms, 26% more of psychasthenic symptoms, 24% more symptoms of schizophrenia, 17% more symptoms of hypomania, and 13% more symptoms of social introversion. Epidemiologically, the prevalence rates of clinical deterioration were significantly greater than expected (0.05 in normative sample) in hypochondria (28.0%), depression (29.3%), hysteria (29.3%), psychopathic deviation (60%), paranoia (30.7%), psychasthenia (22.7%), and schizophrenia (25.3%). As for the cognitive functions, the offenders exhibited impairments estimated at 62.0% in word reading, 47.9% in color naming, 45.8% in color-word, and 11.9% in interference and a significantly higher prevalence of caseness than expected in word reading (65%), color naming (71%), and color-word (70.2%). The implications of the results for intervention are discussed.

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“…No obstante, es posible que esta reparación no se haga efectiva en estos términos, ya que estudios recientes señalan que la indemnización que realmente reciben las víctimas es muy inferior a la dictaminada en las sentencias, siendo los delitos sexuales y violentos los que presentan menor probabilidad de cobro efectivo, con una media de 4.392.62 euros, muy por debajo de la media dictada de 41.721 (Soleto y Grané, 2019). En todo caso queda al margen el otro gran daño patrimonial a la salud de la víctima del que no se cubre su tratamiento a pesar de que tiene efectos positivos (Peñúñuri, Gómez, y Anacona, 2019), pero paradójicamente si se trata al victimario, también con efectos positivos (Herrero, Escorial, y Colom, 2019). Por otro lado, las prácticas relacionadas con la victimización secundaria, informadas en un 18% de los casos, permiten identificar aspectos a mejorar de cara a aplicar los principios de la Justicia Terapéutica (Wexler y Winick, 1996), para maximizar el potencial sanador del sistema de justicia (Hartley, 2003).Sobre este punto, la evidencia muestra que tan importante como los resultados del proceso judicial, es el trato recibido a lo largo del mismo para el bienestar, salud y satisfacción de la víctima del delito (Allan y Allan, 2000; Arce et al, 2019;Cattaneo y Goodman, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Victimización Primaria Y Secundaria en La Violencia Sexual Contra Mujeres Adultas en Sentencias Penales / [Primary and Secondary Victimization in Sexual Violence Against Adult Women in Criminal Sentences]

Cea¹,

Camplá²,

Vázquez³

et al. 2020

Colección Psicología Y Ley

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Sexual violence against women is a serious problem in our society, being registered in Spain a total of a total of 93,871 judicial files. The purpose of this paper was to explore indicators of primary and secondary victimization in cases of sexual abuse and aggressions against adult women, as well as relevant crime variables, and their relation with the decision-making. For this, a developed categorical system ad hoc was created, and applied to the content analysis of a total of 50 judicial sentences issued by Spanish courts between 2016-2019. Among the most relevant findings, the high prevalence of psychopathology and diverse symptomatology concomitant to the crime stands out,

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Rapists and Child Abusers Share Low Levels in Executive Updating, but Do not in Fluid Reasoning

Cited by 9 publications

References 48 publications

Malestar psicológico y respuestas de afrontamiento al confinamiento por la COVID-19

Malestar psicológico y respuestas de afrontamiento al confinamiento por la COVID-19

Evaluation of the Executive Functioning and Psychological Adjustment of Child-to-Parent Offenders: Epidemiology and Quantification of Harm

Victimización Primaria Y Secundaria en La Violencia Sexual Contra Mujeres Adultas en Sentencias Penales / [Primary and Secondary Victimization in Sexual Violence Against Adult Women in Criminal Sentences]

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