Rapidly updated hyperspectral sounding and imaging data for severe storm prediction

Abstract

Several studies have shown that a geostationary hyperspectral imager/sounder can provide the most significant value increase in short term, regional numerical prediction weather models over a range of other options. In 1998, the Geostationary Imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometer (GIFTS) proposal was selected by NASA as the New Millennium Earth Observation 3 program over several other geostationary instrument development proposals. After the EO3 GIFTS flight demonstration program was changed to an Engineering Development Unit (EDU) due to funding limitations by one of the partners, the EDU was subjected to flight-like thermal vacuum calibration and testing and successfully validated the breakthrough technologies needed to make a successful observatory. After several government stops and starts, only EUMETSAT's Meteosat Third Generation (MTG-S) sounder is in operational development.Recently, a commercial partnership has been formed to fill the significant data gap. AsiaSat has partnered with GeoMetWatch (GMW) 1 to fund the development and launch of the Sounding and Tracking Observatory for Regional Meteorology (STORM TM ) sensor, a derivative of the Geosynchronous Imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometer (GIFTS) EDU that was designed, built, and tested by Utah State University (USU). STORM TM combines advanced technologies to observe surface thermal properties, atmospheric weather, and chemistry variables in four dimensions to provide high vertical resolution temperature and moisture sounding information, with the fourth dimension (time) provided by the geosynchronous satellite platform ability to measure a location as often as desired. STORM TM will enhance the polar orbiting imaging and sounding measurements by providing: (1) a direct measure of moisture flux and altitude-resolved water vapor and cloud tracer winds throughout the troposphere, (2) an observation of the time varying atmospheric thermodynamics associated with storm system development, and (3) the transport of tropospheric pollutant gases.The AsiaSat/GMW partnership will host the first STORM TM sensor on their AsiaSat 9 telecommunications satellite at 122 E over the Asia Pacific area. GMW's business plan is to sell the unique STORM data and data products to countries and companies in the satellite coverage area. GMW plans to place 6 STORM TM sensors on geostationary telecommunications satellites to provide global hyperspectral sounding and imaging data. Utah State University's Advanced Weather Systems Laboratory (AWS) will build the sensors for GMW.