Rapidly Rotating Bose-Einstein Condensates in and near the Lowest Landau Level

Schweikhard, Volker; Coddington, Ian; Engels, Peter; Mogendorff, V. P.; Cornell, Eric A.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.92.040404

Cited by 420 publications

(542 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…One may expect that rotation suppresses Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC). Like superconductors in magnetic field, vortices may be formed inside the condensate when it is rotated and the Abrikosov vortex lattice can even be observed [3][4][5]. More strikingly, rotating condensates in the fast-rotation limit are expected to exhibit novel quantum phases analogous to the quantum Hall state of electrons, if interactions between atoms are taken into account [6][7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamic properties of rotating trapped ideal Bose gases

Li¹,

Gu²

2014

Physics Letters A

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Ultracold atomic gases can be spined up either by confining them in rotating frame, or by introducing "synthetic" magnetic field. In this paper, thermodynamics of rotating ideal Bose gases are investigated within truncated-summation approach which keeps to take into account the discrete nature of energy levels, rather than to approximate the summation over single-particle energy levels by an integral as does in semi-classical approximation. Our results show that Bose gases in rotating frame exhibit much stronger dependence on rotation frequency than those in "synthetic" magnetic field. Consequently, BEC can be more easily suppressed in rotating frame than in "synthetic" magnetic field.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamic properties of rotating trapped ideal Bose gases

Li¹,

Gu²

2014

Physics Letters A

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“…The fact that the equilibrium shape of the condensate remains an inverted parabola even when the dynamics is restricted to the LLL has been checked experimentally by the Boulder group [69,70].…”

Section: Equilibrium Shape In the Lllmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bose-Einstein condensates in fast rotation

et al. 2005

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In this short review we present our recent results concerning the rotation of atomic Bose-Einstein condensates confined in quadratic or quartic potentials, and give an overview of the field. We first describe the procedure used to set an atomic gas in rotation and briefly discuss the physics of condensates containing a single vortex line. We then address the regime of fast rotation in harmonic traps, where the rotation frequency is close to the trapping frequency. In this limit the Landau Level formalism is well suited to describe the system. The problem of the condensation temperature of a fast rotating gas is discussed, as well as the equilibrium shape of the cloud and the structure of the vortex lattice. Finally we review results obtained with a quadratic + quartic potential, which allows to study a regime where the rotation frequency is equal to or larger than the harmonic trapping frequency.

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“…The synthetic magnetic field is then equivalently given by (qB) syn / = 4/w 2 0 , that is, one flux quantum per area πw 2 0 /4, where w 0 is the resonator l = 0 mode waist (1/e 2 intensity radius). The magnetic length l B may therefore be identified as w 0 /2.Although Landau levels exhibit 'topological protection' against localized disorder, long-range potentials may guide the particles to infinity, inducing loss [11,29]. In our system, the dominant source of long-range disorder is trap asymmetry (astigmatism) that arises from mirror imperfections and off-axis reflection and drives ∆l = ±2 transitions (see Supplementary Information).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has thus been possible to stir a superfluid and observe the appearance of quantized vortices 29,38 that crystallize into Abrikosov lattices. Such lattices are predicted to melt into fractional quantum hall states as the particle density drops in a 2D system 40 , but it has thus far been impossible to realize sufficiently strong interactions at sufficiently low densities.…”

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confidence: 99%

Synthetic Landau levels for photons

Schine

Ryou

Gromov

et al. 2016

Nature

209

243

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Synthetic photonic materials are an emerging platform for exploring the interface between microscopic quantum dynamics and macroscopic material properties [1][2][3][4][5]. Photons experiencing a Lorentz force develop handedness, providing opportunities to study quantum Hall physics and topological quantum science [6][7][8]. Here we present an experimental realization of a magnetic field for continuum photons. We trap optical photons in a multimode ring resonator to make a two-dimensional gas of massive bosons, and then employ a non-planar geometry to induce an image rotation on each round-trip [9]. This results in photonic Coriolis/Lorentz and centrifugal forces and so realizes the Fock-Darwin Hamiltonian for photons in a magnetic field and harmonic trap [10]. Using spatialand energy-resolved spectroscopy, we track the resulting photonic eigenstates as radial trapping is reduced, finally observing a photonic Landau level at degeneracy. To circumvent the challenge of trap instability at the centrifugal limit [10,11], we constrain the photons to move on a cone. Spectroscopic probes demonstrate flat space (zero curvature) away from the cone tip. At the cone tip, we observe that spatial curvature increases the local density of states, and we measure fractional state number excess consistent with the Wen-Zee theory, providing an experimental test of this theory of electrons in both a magnetic field and curved space [12][13][14][15]. This work opens the door to exploration of the interplay of geometry and topology, and in conjunction with Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency, enables studies of photonic fractional quantum Hall fluids [16,17] and direct detection of anyons [18,19].The Lorentz force on a charged particle moving in a magnetic field leads to the unique topological features of quantum Hall systems, including precisely quantized Hall conductance, topologically protected edge transport, and, in the presence of interactions, the predicted anyonic and non-abelian braiding statistics that form the basis of topological quantum computing [20]. To controllably explore the emergence of these phenomena, efforts have recently focused on realizing synthetic materials in artificial magnetic fields, and in particular, upon implementations for cold atoms and photons. Successful photonic implementations have employed lattices with engineered tunneling [6,[21][22][23][24]. However, it is desirable to realize artificial magnetic fields in the simpler case of a continuum (lattice-free) material [7,25,26], where strong interactions are more easily accessible and the theory maps more directly to fractional quantum Hall systems. In this work, we develop a new approach and demonstrate the first continuum synthetic magnetic field for light.To achieve photonic Landau levels we harness the powerful analogy between photons in a near-degenerate multimode cavity and massive, trapped 2d particles [27,28]. Owing to mirror curvature, the transverse dynamics of a running wave resonator are equivalent to those of a 2D quantum h...

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Rapidly Rotating Bose-Einstein Condensates in and near the Lowest Landau Level

Cited by 420 publications

References 25 publications

Thermodynamic properties of rotating trapped ideal Bose gases

Thermodynamic properties of rotating trapped ideal Bose gases

Bose-Einstein condensates in fast rotation

Synthetic Landau levels for photons

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