Rapidly prototyping biocompatible surfaces with designed wetting properties via photolithography and plasma polymerization

Berwind, Matthew; Hashibon, Adham; Fromm, A.; Gurr, Matthias; Burmeister, Frank; Eberl, C.

doi:10.1007/s10404-017-1984-6

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Some findings in the metasurface community already consider new designs of micropatterned surfaces for special wetting phenomena. [16,17] They imply the necessary boundary conditions like element size, aspect ratio, and hierarchy for superhydrophobic surfaces, which are considered for our design.…”

Section: Doi: 101002/adem202001037mentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive Wettability of a Programmable Metasurface

2020

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Inspired by bionics and natural phenomena, the adaptable wettability of solid surfaces is receiving more and more interest. For example, self-cleaning of super-hydrophobic leaves, like the lotus leaf, is adapted to functional surfaces for new technologies and applications. [1-4] In general, there are two main approaches to adjust the wettability of solid surfaces: either by changing chemical composition, or by adapting the morphology of the surface. [5,6] In nature, lotus leaves achieve their unique wetting behavior using a combination of a microstructured surface as well as a functional layer of epicuticular wax. [7-9] As a result, the contact area between droplet and surface, and thus the resultant adhesive forces are reduced to achieve super-hydrophobicity and selfcleaning effects. With this, the lotus leaf is protected against fouling or contamination by microorganisms and particles, resulting in an effective increase in incident photosynthetically active radiation. [10,11] Several research groups have been working on different technical solutions to manufacture super-hydrophobic surfaces which can be used for applications like microdosing or filter systems. [1,12-14] Usually the focus is on static surface structures with certain chemical treatments or coatings. The topologies are stochastically ordered and hierarchically structured, whereas the maximum structure sizes are typically smaller than 100 μm to achieve superhydrophobicity. [7,11] Fabrication methods like two-photon polymerization allow the realization of nearly arbitrarily complex 3D geometries in this size regime. Within the metamaterial community, novel designs for artificial surfaces are getting more popular and many results of super-hydrophobic surfaces are published. [15-18] They show great utility of hierarchical structures for micro-patterning but are limited to a static surface morphology. Other groups work on functional surfaces with switchable wettability. They make use of molecular reactions at the surface, controlled by different stimuli like temperature-, [19] pH-value-, [20,21] UV-light exposure, [22,23] or electric potential change. They obtain great contact angle changes of water, from hydrophilic to super-hydrophobic, but only consider chemical effects with a static surface morphology. In addition, these chemical reactions have a certain time dependency and are rather slow (180 min, [23] 200 s [1]). Mechanical metamaterials, and especially programmable materials, represent a new possibility to change not only material properties, but also functionalities. In contrast to the common understanding in the literature, we transfer these principles to wetting phenomena and show the design and implementation of programmable adaptive metasurfaces.

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Section: Doi: 101002/adem202001037mentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive Wettability of a Programmable Metasurface

2020

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“…Up to now, such superhydrophobic surfaces, also called water-repellent surfaces, have been preferably fabricated by environmentally harmful chemical etching followed by passivation processes, by time-consuming milling methods, by cost-intensive CVD coating methods or by simple multi-steps methods—such as spin, spray, or dip coating—which have a modest throughput limiting their use for large area applications [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]. Although well-established photolithographic methods have also been employed to generate repetitive microfeatures able to tune the wettability characteristics on different materials, these processes involve multiple cleaning, coating and developing steps, as well as the use of hazardous chemicals and masks [ 12 , 16 , 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stable Superhydrophobic Aluminum Surfaces Based on Laser-Fabricated Hierarchical Textures

et al. 2021

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Laser-microtextured surfaces have gained an increasing interest due to their enormous spectrum of applications and industrial scalability. Direct laser interference patterning (DLIP) and the well-established direct laser writing (DLW) methods are suitable as a powerful combination for the fabrication of single (DLW or DLIP) and multi-scale (DLW+DLIP) textures. In this work, four-beam DLIP and DLW were used independently and combined to produce functional textures on aluminum. The influence of the laser processing parameters, such as the applied laser fluence and the number of pulses, on the resulting topography was analyzed by confocal microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The static long-term and dynamic wettability characteristics of the laser-textured surfaces were determined through water contact angle and hysteresis measurements, revealing superhydrophobic properties with static contact angles up to 163° and hysteresis as low as 9°. The classical Cassie–Baxter and Wenzel models were applied, permitting a deeper understanding of the observed wetting behaviors. Finally, mechanical stability tests revealed that the DLW elements in the multi-scale structure protects the smaller DLIP features under tribological conditions.

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“…However, the system may not be in the thermodynamic equilibrium—it can be switched to IR or WR, when the pinning is broken and the liquid fills partially or completely all surface cavities. However, the mechanism of wetting, particularly regarding the morphology of surface inhomogeneities, seems to be not fundamentally understood even when the considerations are limited to a geometric model in which the inhomogeneities are represented by simple regular solids [ 21 , 22 ]. Usually, the droplet behavior on the solid surface decorated with such regular objects like pillars, prisms or more generally by truncated pyramids can be reduced to two situations: If the geometry of the system fulfills the inequality where is the dihedral angle of the groove between pyramids, the droplet cannot reach the bottom of the groove.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wetting between Cassie–Baxter and Wenzel regimes: a cellular model approach

Mądry

Nowicki

2021

Eur. Phys. J. E

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The cellular model with periodic boundary conditions was proposed for the study of liquid–solid interface properties of solid surfaces decorated by a regular pattern. The solid surface was represented by a mosaic of truncated pyramids of two different slopes of side walls equivalent to a surface covered with triangular grooves of different dihedral angles. On the basis of the computations performed for a single elementary cell, the components of the interfacial energies and the apparent contact angles have been found for different Young contact angles and different tilting angles of the pyramid walls. It was found that at certain sets of angles, the wetting takes place with the partial coverage of the pyramid sidewalls—in between the Cassie–Baxter and Wenzel regimes. The influence of the line tension on the studied surface wettability was also examined. Graphic abstract

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Rapidly prototyping biocompatible surfaces with designed wetting properties via photolithography and plasma polymerization

Cited by 14 publications

References 19 publications

Adaptive Wettability of a Programmable Metasurface

Adaptive Wettability of a Programmable Metasurface

Stable Superhydrophobic Aluminum Surfaces Based on Laser-Fabricated Hierarchical Textures

Wetting between Cassie–Baxter and Wenzel regimes: a cellular model approach

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