Rapid vision is holistic

Hochstein, Shaul; Barlasov, Anna; Hershler, Orit; Nitzan, Adi; Shneor, Shneor

doi:10.1167/4.8.95

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Although it has been shown before that the pop-out effect for highly salient categories, such as human faces, does not generalize to animal faces [Hershler and Hochstein 2003] and that the degree of animal face pop-out is extremely variable [Hochstein et al 2004], our results have demonstrated that the heads of these natural objects are particularly salient. We are not claiming that they are processed preattentively or in parallel.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 78%

“…"Pop-out" can be proved through visual search tasks by showing that processing is done in parallel and preattentively, when an increase in the number of distractors results in a minimal increase in reaction time. Hochstein et al [2004] and Hershler and Hochstein [2003] found that human faces popped out from a background of varied photograph distractors. However, they demonstrated that this effect does not generalize to animal faces.…”

Section: Face "Pop-out"mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Predicting and Evaluating Saliency for Simplified Polygonal Models

Howlett

Hamill

O’Sullivan

2005

ACM Trans. Appl. Percept.

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In this paper, we consider the problem of determining feature saliency for three-dimensional (3D) objects and describe a series of experiments that examined if salient features exist and can be predicted in advance. We attempt to determine salient features by using an eye-tracking device to capture human gaze data and then investigate if the visual fidelity of simplified polygonal models can be improved by emphasizing the detail of salient features identified in this way. To try to evaluate the visual fidelity of the simplified models, a set of naming time, matching time, and forced-choice preference experiments were carried out. We found that perceptually weighted simplification led to a significant increase in visual fidelity for the lower levels of detail (LOD) of the natural objects, but that for the man-made artifacts the opposite was true. We, therefore, conclude that visually prominent features may be predicted in this way for natural objects, but our results show that saliency prediction for synthetic objects is more difficult, perhaps because it is more strongly affected by task. As a further step we carried out some confirmation experiments to examine if the prominent features found during the saliency experiment were actually the features focused upon during the naming, matching, and forced-choice preference tasks. Results demonstrated that the heads of natural objects received a significant amount of attention, especially during the naming task. We hope that our results will lead to new insights into the nature of saliency in 3D graphics.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 78%

Section: Face "Pop-out"mentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting and Evaluating Saliency for Simplified Polygonal Models

Howlett

Hamill

O’Sullivan

2005

ACM Trans. Appl. Percept.

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“…Studies have indicated that humans possess a face-specific recognition system [Farah 1992]. Furthermore, Hochstein et al [2004] found that faces popped out from a background of varied photograph distracters. However, other evidence suggests that faces do not 'popout' during visual search and are not accessed pre-attentively in parallel [Nothdurft 1993].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eye-catching crowds

et al. 2009

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Figure 1: Variety types tested in the Selective Variation Experiment: (1) original character, (2) top texture variation, (3) face geometry variation, (4) face texture variation, (5 -9) head accessories. AbstractPopulated virtual environments need to be simulated with as much variety as possible. By identifying the most salient parts of the scene and characters, available resources can be concentrated where they are needed most. In this paper, we investigate which body parts of virtual characters are most looked at in scenes containing duplicate characters or clones. Using an eye-tracking device, we recorded fixations on body parts while participants were asked to indicate whether clones were present or not. We found that the head and upper torso attract the majority of first fixations in a scene and are attended to most. This is true regardless of the orientation, presence or absence of motion, sex, age, size, and clothing style of the character. We developed a selective variation method to exploit this knowledge and perceptually validated our method. We found that selective colour variation is as effective at generating the illusion of variety as full colour variation. We then evaluated the effectiveness of four variation methods that varied only salient parts of the characters. We found that head accessories, top texture and face texture variation are all equally effective at creating variety, whereas facial geometry alterations are less so. Performance implications and guidelines are presented.

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Theoretical Implications on Visual (Color) Representation and Cytochrome Oxidase Blobs

Bókkon¹,

Vimal²

2013

Act Nerv Super

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The rich concentration of mitochond rial cytochrome oxid ase (CO) blobs in the V1 (striate) primate visual cortex has never been explained . Although the d istribution of CO blobs provid ed a persuasive example of columnar structure in the V1, there are contrad ictions about the existence of hypercolumns. Since photoreceptors and other retinal cells process and convey basically external visible photonic signals, it suggests that one of the most important tasks of early visual areas is to represent these external visible color photonic signals d uring visual perception. This representation may occur essentially in CO-rich blobs of the V1. Here w e suggest that the representation of external visible photon signals (i.e. visual representation) can be the most energetic allocation process in the brain, w hich is reasonably performed by the highest d ensity neuron al V1 areas and mitochond rial-rich cytochrome oxid ases. It is also raised that the functional unit for phosphene ind uction can be linked to small clusters of CO -rich blobs in V1. We present some implications abou t d istinction betw een the physics of visible photons/ light and its subjective experiences. We also d iscuss that amod al and mod al visual completions are possible d ue to the visual percep tion ind uced visualization w hen the brain tries to interpret the unseen parts of objects or represent features of perceived objects that are not actu ally visible. It is raised that continuously prod uced intrinsic bioluminescent photons from retinal lipid peroxid ation may have functional role in initial d evelopment of retinogeniculate pathw ays as w ell as initial appearance topographic organizations of V1 before birth. Finally, the metaphysical framew ork is the extend ed version of d ual-aspect monism (DAMv) that has the least number of problems compared to all other framew orks and hence it is better than the materialism t hat is currently dominant in science. Key w ord s: Color representation; V isible electromagnetic photons; A modal and modal visual completions; COrich blobs in V 1; Phosphenes; M etaphysics; M aterialism; Dual-aspect monism; V isual channels IN TROD UCTIONThe attributes of visible electrom agnetic photons, such as w avelength and intensity, are physics, but both exogenous (stimu lus/ light d epend ent) and / or end ogenous (such as phosphenes) colors are su bjective experiences related to its attribu tes hue, saturat ion, and brightness (Vim al, Pokorny, & Smith, 1987). When w e talk about our visual p erception, in reality, w e talk abou t the perception/ d etection of external electrom agnetic visible photons. Although external visible p hoton signals that are conveyed to V1 can be mod ulated by otherCorrespondence to : Istvan Bokkon: bokkoni@yahoo.com;

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Rapid vision is holistic

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Predicting and Evaluating Saliency for Simplified Polygonal Models

Predicting and Evaluating Saliency for Simplified Polygonal Models

Eye-catching crowds

Theoretical Implications on Visual (Color) Representation and Cytochrome Oxidase Blobs

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