Rapid urbanization induced daily maximum wind speed decline in metropolitan areas: A case study in the Yangtze River Delta (China)

Zhang, Gangfeng; Azorín-Molina, César; Wang, Xuejia; Chen, Deliang; McVicar, Tim R.; Guijarro, José Antonio; Chappell, Adrian; Deng, Kaiqiang; Minola, Lorenzo; Kong, Feng; Wang, Shuo; Shi, Peijun

doi:10.1016/j.uclim.2022.101147

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 60 publications

(84 reference statements)

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“…Since the early 1990s, the EL-type cup anemometer at many stations has been replaced by the EN-type cup anemometer, which provides more accurate and reliable measurement and is easier to install and use. 41,60 We find that the number of breakpoints caused by instrument replacement reached a maximum in 2004, and two weak peaks happened in the early 1990s and early 2010s. For breakpoints caused by station relocation, the mean state of the homogenized NWS series increases at 96 breakpoints while decreases at 17 breakpoints, which indicates that most relocated stations were moved to places with higher wind speed.…”

Section: Homogenization Of Daily Nearmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Overall, southern China has more stations with two or more breakpoints than that of northern China, mainly due to the stations with three breakpoints being located along the Yangtze River. It is indicated that the great level of industrialization over there 39,41 induces more relocations of stations and then more breakpoints. To establish the reasons behind each breakpoint, we referred to the metadata provided by NMIC.…”

Section: Homogenization Of Daily Nearmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using 506 stations, the NWS of East China is observed to have a consistent declination at −0.16 m s −1 decade −1 39 . Some studies indicate that urbanization has an important but not dominant role in the regional wind stilling, 40 but its influence is more remarkable in highly urbanized areas, like East China 39,41 . However, some studies also observed a recent break in the “stilling” condition in China 13,28,32–35,42–44 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…39 Some studies indicate that urbanization has an important but not dominant role in the regional wind stilling, 40 but its influence is more remarkable in highly urbanized areas, like East China. 39,41 However, some studies also observed a recent break in the "stilling" condition in China. 13,28,[32][33][34][35][42][43][44] Based on 2333 stations over China, Zhang and Wang 32 found that the NWS decreases (À0.24 m s À1 decade À1 ) for 1970-2004 and increases (0.02 m s À1 decade À1 ) for 2005-2017.…”

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confidence: 99%

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An assessment of observed wind speed and wind power density over China for 1980–2021

Shen

Yao

et al. 2022

Wind Energy

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The spatiotemporal characteristics of the near‐surface wind speed (NWS), wind speed at 100 m hub height (HWS), and wind power density (WPD) over China are assessed during 1980–2021. A homogenization process is applied to NWS at 292 basic meteorological stations. A total of 336 breakpoints are recognized, with 122 associated with instrument replacement, 113 attributed to station relocation, and 101 due to unrecorded reasons. The homogenization method does not alter the spatial patterns or seasonal variations of NWS, but it does boost the mean NWS over China annually and seasonally, while also strengthening the long‐term decreasing trends. As for the temporal standard deviation (STD) for NWS, high values are primarily found over Inner Mongolia and Northeast China, with the seasonal maximum occurring in spring. After homogenization, the STD of NWS over China is reduced annually and seasonally, and the long‐term decreasing trends are somewhat weaker. The results for HWS are comparable to those for NWS. Notably, the lower mean state and weaker fluctuation of wind speed in recent years have two opposing implications for wind power production. Similar to the NWS mean state, the annual mean WPD over China is largely increased after homogenization with a faster decreasing trend.

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Section: Homogenization Of Daily Nearmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Homogenization Of Daily Nearmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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An assessment of observed wind speed and wind power density over China for 1980–2021

Shen

Yao

et al. 2022

Wind Energy

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“…Monitoring of global near surface winds has shown a decline in the average speeds from the early 1970s to around the mid-2010s, which was termed 'stilling' (Roderick et al 2007, McVicar et al 2012b. Several causes have been proposed for this decline (see Wu et al 2018 for an overview), including an increase in surface roughness induced by the greening of the planet (Vautard et al 2010;Zhu et al 2016) or urbanisation (Chen et al 2020;Zhang et al 2022), natural variability induced by internal decadal ocean-atmosphere oscillations (Zeng et al 2018(Zeng et al , 2019, or errors induced by instrumentation issues (Azorin-Molina et al 2018a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction in reversal of global stilling arising from correction to encoding of calm periods^*

Dunn¹,

Azorín-Molina²,

Menne³

et al. 2022

Environ. Res. Commun.

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We describe an undocumented change in how calm periods in near-surface wind speed (and direction) observations have been encoded in a subset of global datasets of sub-daily data after 2013. This has resulted in the under-estimation of the number of calm periods for meteorological stations across much of Asia and Europe. Hence average wind speeds after 2013 have been over-estimated, affecting the assessment of changes in global stilling and reversal phenomena after this date. By addressing this encoding change we show that globally, since 2010, wind speeds have recovered by around 30% less than previously thought.

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The offshore wind speed changes in China: an insight into CMIP6 model simulation and future projections

Deng,

Yang,

Liu

et al. 2024

Clim Dyn

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Offshore wind speed in China plays a key role in affecting air–sea interactions, coastal tides, and wind energy, but its changes in a warming climate and the associated causes remain unclear. Based on the ERA5 reanalysis and the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) models, this study evaluates the past and future variations of wind speed at 10 m (WS10) over China’s offshore seas in summer and winter. The results show that the CMIP6 multi-model mean performs well in simulating the climatological patterns (1981–2010) of WS10 for both seasons. The trends and leading variabilities in WS10 are also reasonably reproduced in the South China Sea (SCS). In the northern SCS, WS10 has strengthened during both seasons in the recent decades. In contrast, in the East China Sea (ECS), WS10 has increased (decreased) during summer (winter). Further attribution analysis suggests that the forcing of greenhouse gasses (aerosols) may make WS10 stronger (weaker) in the two seas and for both seasons, while natural variability tends to slow down (speed up) WS10 in the SCS and ECS during summer (winter). In addition, according to the CMIP6 model projections under various warming scenarios, WS10 is likely to increase over both the northern SCS and the ECS in summer, while WS10 will increase over the northern SCS but decrease over the ECS in winter. Differences in the projected WS10 changes in the ECS during summer and winter are attributed to the projected intensification (weakening) of the East Asian summer (winter) monsoon circulation.

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Rapid urbanization induced daily maximum wind speed decline in metropolitan areas: A case study in the Yangtze River Delta (China)

Cited by 15 publications

References 60 publications

An assessment of observed wind speed and wind power density over China for 1980–2021

An assessment of observed wind speed and wind power density over China for 1980–2021

Reduction in reversal of global stilling arising from correction to encoding of calm periods^*

The offshore wind speed changes in China: an insight into CMIP6 model simulation and future projections

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Rapid urbanization induced daily maximum wind speed decline in metropolitan areas: A case study in the Yangtze River Delta (China)

Cited by 15 publications

References 60 publications

An assessment of observed wind speed and wind power density over China for 1980–2021

An assessment of observed wind speed and wind power density over China for 1980–2021

Reduction in reversal of global stilling arising from correction to encoding of calm periods *

The offshore wind speed changes in China: an insight into CMIP6 model simulation and future projections

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Reduction in reversal of global stilling arising from correction to encoding of calm periods^*