Rapid ultrasound‐assisted dispersive solid‐phase extraction of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs in urine using oleic acid functionalized magnetic graphene oxide

Abstract

We describe an ultrasound‐assisted magnetic dispersive solid‐phase extraction based on oleic acid functionalized magnetic graphene oxide followed by high‐performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. The method was applied for the simultaneous determination of ibuprofen, diclofenac, naproxen, and mefenamic acid in urine. The application of sonication led to the good dispersion of the sorbent, and consequently, significant shortened the extraction time. The sorbent was successfully characterized by different techniques. The influence of the adsorption parameters was optimized using a rotational central composite design. In order to improve desorption efficiency, parameters such as type and volume of the eluent and sonication time were investigated and optimized through a one variable at a time method. Under the optimum conditions, limits of detection and precision were between 3.0–25 ng/mL (n = 5) and 3.2–7.1%, respectively. The preconcentration factors were found to be 74 for naproxen, 76 for diclofenac, 80 for ibuprofen, and 66 for mefenamic acid corresponding to the absolute recovery within the range of 82.5–100%. Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied for simultaneous determination of target analytes in human urine samples. The relative recovery was within the range of 91.4–113.3%, indicating the good reliability and accuracy of the method.

Magnetic cork composites as biosorbents in dispersive solid-phase extraction of pesticides in water samples

“…23 Surface-modied magnetic nanoparticles can be combined with different stationary phases, and these modied magnetic particles can be easily separated from the medium by using simple magnets. 24,25 Studies have shown that magnetic nanomaterials have gained signicant interest due to their large specic surface area, selective absorption, and surface modications. [26][27][28] In fact, biosorbents are combinations of biomass materials and magnetically active metal or metal oxide nanoparticles.…”

Simultaneous analysis of six inorganic anions in urine by double‐suppress ion‐exchange chromatography

“…Currently, various detection technologies are used to measure the levels of molecules and metabolites in urine and other fluids in order to identify the specific biomarkers of diseases which provide a new perspective for the research on the relationship between dietary, drugs, and diseases [16]. Namera et al [17] analyzed a method that was developed for the detection of arsenite, arsenate, and methylarsenate in human urine by GC-MS. Seidi et al [18] developed a more rapid, sensitive, and practical CE-C4D method based on SPE purification for the analysis of the urine metabolites, oxalate, and citrate in urine samples from patients. Ion chromatography (IC) is a form of HPLC, which is a method used to analyze the presence and levels of anions, cations, and small molecule polar organic compounds [19].…”

“…Seidi et al. [18] developed a more rapid, sensitive, and practical CE–C4D method based on SPE purification for the analysis of the urine metabolites, oxalate, and citrate in urine samples from patients. Ion chromatography (IC) is a form of HPLC, which is a method used to analyze the presence and levels of anions, cations, and small molecule polar organic compounds [19].…”

Polyimidazolyl acetate ionic liquid grafted on cellulose filter paper as thin‐film extraction phase for extraction of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs from water

“…The sample pre-treatment processes, such as enrichment, concentration, and purification of NSAIDs in environmental samples are frequently required to improve the detection sensitivity and accuracy [14]. The sample pretreatment methods include liquidliquid extraction [15,16], dispersion extraction [17][18][19], SPME [20], and solid-phase column extraction [21][22][23][24]. The thin-film extraction can reduce the consumption of organic solvent.…”