Rapid turnover of top predators in African terrestrial faunas around the Permian-Triassic mass extinction

Kammerer, Christian F.; Viglietti, Pia A.; Butler, Elize; Botha‐Brink, Jennifer

doi:10.1016/j.cub.2023.04.007

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Previous palaeontological studies on mass extinction events have used two main approaches. The first emphasizes a visual assessment of detailed, high-resolution stratigraphic ranges, sometimes compiled from fresh field data (Ward et al, 2005;Smith and Botha-Brink, 2014;Kammerer et al, 2023). These studies can give precise clues about the timing of extinction events, but do not provide a statistical basis to assess their significance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Testing extinction events and temporal shifts in diversification and fossilization rates through the skyline Fossilized Birth‐Death (FBD) model: The example of some mid‐Permian synapsid extinctions

Didier,

Laurin

2024

Cladistics

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In the last decade, the Fossilized Birth–Death (FBD) process has yielded interesting clues about the evolution of biodiversity through time. To facilitate such studies, we extend our method to compute the probability density of phylogenetic trees of extant and extinct taxa in which the only temporal information is provided by the fossil ages (i.e. without the divergence times) in order to deal with the piecewise constant FBD process, known as the “skyline FBD”, which allows rates to change between pre‐defined time intervals, as well as modelling extinction events at the bounds of these intervals. We develop approaches based on this method to assess hypotheses about the diversification process and to answer questions such as “Does a mass extinction occur at this time?” or “Is there a change in the fossilization rate between two given periods?”. Our software can also yield Bayesian and maximum‐likelihood estimates of the parameters of the skyline FBD model under various constraints. These approaches are applied to a simulated dataset in order to test their ability to answer the questions above. Finally, we study an updated dataset of Permo‐Carboniferous synapsids to get additional insights into the dynamics of biodiversity change in three clades (Ophiacodontidae, Edaphosauridae and Sphenacodontidae) in the Pennsylvanian (Late Carboniferous) and Cisuralian (Early Permian), and to assess support for end‐Sakmarian (or Artinskian) and end‐Cisuralian mass extinction events discussed in previous studies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It may be linked to the intensive volcanism of the Emeishan Large Igneous Province (Day et al, 2015). Last but not least, the end-Permian event is widely known as the most severe mass extinction event of the Phanerozoic (Viglietti et al, 2021;Kammerer et al, 2023).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing extinction events and temporal shifts in diversification and fossilization rates through the skyline Fossilized Birth‐Death (FBD) model: The example of some mid‐Permian synapsid extinctions

Didier,

Laurin

2024

Cladistics

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The fossil record of appendicular muscle evolution in Synapsida on the line to mammals: Part I—Forelimb

Bishop,

Pierce

2023

The Anatomical Record

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This paper is the first in a two‐part series that charts the evolution of appendicular musculature along the mammalian stem lineage, drawing upon the exceptional fossil record of extinct synapsids. Here, attention is focused on muscles of the forelimb. Understanding forelimb muscular anatomy in extinct synapsids, and how this changed on the line to mammals, can provide important perspective for interpreting skeletal and functional evolution in this lineage, and how the diversity of forelimb functions in extant mammals arose. This study surveyed the osteological evidence for muscular attachments in extinct mammalian and nonmammalian synapsids, two extinct amniote outgroups, and a large selection of extant mammals, saurians, and salamanders. Observations were integrated into an explicit phylogenetic framework, comprising 73 character–state complexes covering all muscles crossing the shoulder, elbow, and wrist joints. These were coded for 33 operational taxonomic units spanning >330 Ma of tetrapod evolution, and ancestral state reconstruction was used to evaluate the sequence of muscular evolution along the stem lineage from Amniota to Theria. In addition to producing a comprehensive documentation of osteological evidence for muscle attachments in extinct synapsids, this work has clarified homology hypotheses across disparate taxa and helped resolve competing hypotheses of muscular anatomy in extinct species. The evolutionary history of mammalian forelimb musculature was a complex and nonlinear narrative, punctuated by multiple instances of convergence and concentrated phases of anatomical transformation. More broadly, this study highlights the great insight that a fossil‐based perspective can provide for understanding the assembly of novel body plans.

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Palaeobiology: Rapid succession during mass extinction

Benton

2023

Current Biology

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Rapid turnover of top predators in African terrestrial faunas around the Permian-Triassic mass extinction

Cited by 7 publications

References 34 publications

Testing extinction events and temporal shifts in diversification and fossilization rates through the skyline Fossilized Birth‐Death (FBD) model: The example of some mid‐Permian synapsid extinctions

Testing extinction events and temporal shifts in diversification and fossilization rates through the skyline Fossilized Birth‐Death (FBD) model: The example of some mid‐Permian synapsid extinctions

The fossil record of appendicular muscle evolution in Synapsida on the line to mammals: Part I—Forelimb

Palaeobiology: Rapid succession during mass extinction

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