RAPID TRANSPORT OF PROTEIN IN THE OPTIC SYSTEM OF THE GOLDFISH<sup>1</sup>

Elam, John S.; Agranoff, Bernard W.

doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1971.tb11965.x

Cited by 148 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…Amino-acid-labeled protein appears in both the fast and the slow components, while sugar-labeled glycoprotein is evident only in the fast component. A similar observation is reported by Elam and Agranoff (1971a;Elam et al, 1970) with regard to the transport of sulfated glycoprotein and mucopolysaccharide in the goldfish optic system. Our experiments do not, of course, rule out the possibility that a small amount of glycoprotein travels in the slow axoplasmic flow, nor have we excluded the possibility that some glycoprotein travels down the nerve at a rate intermediate between those of the fast and slow components.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…While our initial efforts in this direction using 3H-leucine (Grafstein et al, 1970) had yielded positive results, the amount of radioactivity in the microtubule protein above background-labeled protein was so small as to prevent conclusive identification. Further progress was facilitated by the discovery of Elam and Agranoff (1971b) that "Hproline heavily labels transported proteins while labeling the background only slightly, achieving "signal to noise" ratios of up to 30:l. We were also aided by the demonstration of Marantz et al (1969) that at neutral pH vinblastine selectively precipitates microtubule protein subunits from aqueous extracts of nerve and other tissues. The precipitated protein can be further analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis Marantz et al, 1969;Olmstead et al, 1970).…”

Section: B)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Components of fast and slow axonal transport in the goldfish optic nerve

1971

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SUMMARYThe compositioii of the fast and slow components of axonal transport in the goldfish optic nerve was investigated, using specific radioactive precursors injected into the eye. Tritiated glucosamine and fucose label macromolecules, presumably glycoproteins, which are rapidly transported from the eye to the optic tectum. Material labeled with these precursors is not evident in the slowly transported component. Glucosamine and fucose incorporation are blocked when a protein synthesis inhibitor, acetoxycycloheximide, is injected into the eye concurrently with the precursors. As well as labeling macromolecules, 3H-glucosamine and "H-N-acetylmannosamine ( a precursor of sialic acids) also label rapidlytransported chloroform-methanol-extractable material which may contain transported glycolipids.Two procedures were used to show that the slow component of axonal transport contains tubulin, a protein characteristic of the microtubules:(a) Tracer doses of tritiated colchicine injwted into the eye label a wave of radioactivity which moves 0.5 mm/day, the rate of slow axonal transport in the goldfish optic nerve. We believe this wave represents the movement of colchicine which is bound to colchicine-binding protein moving in the slow component of axonal transport.(b) Tritiated proline labels a slowly transported protein which is precipitated by vinblastine and has a mobility on polyacrylamide gels comparable to authentic tubulin. These results indicate that the fast and slow components of axonal transport each provide specific chemical substances to the nerve endings.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: B)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Components of fast and slow axonal transport in the goldfish optic nerve

1971

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“…The intra-axonal transport of mitochondria has previously been demonstrated in a number of systems (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24). Although a few of these previous studies have suggested a relatively rapid movement of mitochondria (e.g., refs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subcellular fractionation of intra-axonally transport polypeptides in the rabbit visual system.

Lorenz¹,

Willard²

1978

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

114

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We analyzed the subcellular distributions of proteins that are transported down the axons of rabbit retinal ganglion cells and compared these distributions to those of enzyme markers for endoplasmic reticulum, plasma membrane, and mitochondria. The proteins of each of five previously identified transport groups were uniquely distributed through the subcellular fractions, suggesting that each transport group is associated with different subcellular organelles. In particular, all of the observed group I polypeptides (the most rapidly moving group, maximum velocity > 240 mm/day) were associated with material of hydrodynamic properties similar to those of the plasma membrane. The proteins of group II (maximum velocity = 34-68 mm/day) were heterogeneous in their subcellular distributions but included mitochondrial proteins. Groups III and IV (maximum velocity = 4-8 and 2-4 mm/day, respectively) included materials that may be involved in motile processes; group V (maximum velocity = 0.7-1.1 mm/day) contained material of very high density which may be associated with neurofilaments. Many of the proteins required by the axons and synaptic terminals of neurons are synthesized in the neuronal cell bodies and conveyed to their destinations by the process of intra-axonal transport. The identities and organization of the transported proteins are of interest not only because of the importance of these proteins in axonal and synaptic functions but also because their transport may represent a modification of transport processes used to convey proteins over less dramatic distances in other cell types.In the retinal ganglion cells of the rabbit, the intra-axonal transport of proteins appears to be a complex but highly organized process. Proteins synthesized in the cell bodies of these neurons can be labeled with radioactive amino acids injected into the vitreous of the eye, and the labeled transported proteins can be subsequently monitored as they move down the axons.[The axons of the retinal ganglion cells pass through the optic nerve (ON) and contralateral optic tract (OT), a total distance of about 3 cm, to form synapses in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and superior colliculus (SC)]. We previously used sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by autoradiography of the gels to resolve more than 40 of the transported polypeptides; these polypeptides can be assigned to at least five groups, according to the time at which they first appear in labeled form in segments of the ON and OT-i.e., according to their maximum transport velocities (1, 2). The significance of this organization is not understood; however, the principles governing this grouping could be reflected in the subcellular associations of the polypeptides within each group.We have therefore begun to analyze the subcellular distributions of the transported polypeptides in homogenates of the ON and OT (which contain the axons of the retinal ganglion cells) as well as of the LGN and SC (which contain nerve endings in addition to t...

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“…1). This survival time takes advantage of the fast component of the axoplasmic flow from the retinal ganglion cells to their terminals [G r a f s t e in , 1967; M c E w en and G r a f s t e in , F orm an et al, 1971;E lam and Agranoff, 1971;E lam et at., 1971;Grafstein et at., 1972;Neale et at., 1972;Schmatolla and F ischer, 1972], Except for some details, the findings obtained with both silver impreg nation and radioautography were similar. The techniques described by Nauta [1957] and F ink and H eimer [1967] allowed examination of the general plan of the optic pathway, while the radioautographic technique allowed the detection of minor areas of projections (area opticus pretectalis dorsalis, nucleus opticus pretectalis pars ventralis, area opticus pretectalis ventralis).…”

Section: G Eneral C Om M Ents An D C Om Parison O F M Ethodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinal Projections in Cyprinid Fishes: A Degeneration and Radioautographic Study

Repérant

Lemire²

1976

Brain Behav Evol

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The retinal projections of three species of cyprinid fish (Cyprinus macrolepidotus, Cyprinus carpio, Rudlus rutilus) were examined with Nauta and Fink-Heimer methods following enucleation and with radioautography following intraocular injection of [³H]-L-proline. Optic tract axons cross completely in the optic chiasma and are distributed to the hypothalamus (nucleus opticus hypothalamicus pars magnocellularis), the thalamo-pretectal region (11 distinct primary optic centers), and the tectum opticum (stratum fibrosum et griseum superficiale, stratum griseum centrale and stratum album centrale). No accessory optic tract was found. The experimental studies on visual projection of various teleosts are reviewed and discussed.

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RAPID TRANSPORT OF PROTEIN IN THE OPTIC SYSTEM OF THE GOLDFISH¹

Cited by 148 publications

References 27 publications

Components of fast and slow axonal transport in the goldfish optic nerve

Components of fast and slow axonal transport in the goldfish optic nerve

Subcellular fractionation of intra-axonally transport polypeptides in the rabbit visual system.

Retinal Projections in Cyprinid Fishes: A Degeneration and Radioautographic Study

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RAPID TRANSPORT OF PROTEIN IN THE OPTIC SYSTEM OF THE GOLDFISH1

Cited by 148 publications

References 27 publications

Components of fast and slow axonal transport in the goldfish optic nerve

Components of fast and slow axonal transport in the goldfish optic nerve

Subcellular fractionation of intra-axonally transport polypeptides in the rabbit visual system.

Retinal Projections in Cyprinid Fishes: A Degeneration and Radioautographic Study

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RAPID TRANSPORT OF PROTEIN IN THE OPTIC SYSTEM OF THE GOLDFISH¹