Rapid sulfate formation from synergetic oxidation of SO2 by O3 and NO2 under ammonia-rich conditions: Implications for the explosive growth of atmospheric PM2.5 during haze events in China

Si, Zhiyong; Li, Dapeng; Ge, Shuangshuang; Liu, Shijie; Wu, Chengdong; Wang, Yiqian; Lv, Shaojun; Wang, Fanglin; Meng, Jingjing; Wang, Gehui

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144897

Cited by 35 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…Indeed, field observation and model simulation have pointed out that the simultaneous control of NH 3 emissions in conjunction with SO 2 emission is more effective in reducing PM 2.5 than the process without NH 3 emissions control, and PM 2.5 concentration can be more effectively reduced if NH 3 emission is decreased as much as that of SO 2 (Erisman and Schaap, 2004). Hence, the mechanism by which NH 3 affects SOA formation has attracted more and more attention (Wang et al, 2018a;Ge et al, 2019;Zhang et al, 2021b). However, previous studies have not paid sufficient attention to the joint impacts of NH 3 and NO x on the formation of SOA and its corresponding optical properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergetic effects of NH3 and NOx on the production and optical absorption of secondary organic aerosol formation from toluene photooxidation

et al. 2021

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Abstract. NH3 is the most important alkaline gas in the atmosphere and one of the key species affecting the behaviors of atmospheric aerosols. However, the impact of NH3 on secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation remains poorly understood, especially the dynamic evolution of chemical compositions in the SOA formation process. In this study, a series of chamber experiments were performed to probe the individual and common effects of NH3 and NOx on toluene SOA formation through OH photooxidation. The chemical compositions of toluene SOA were characterized using the Aerodyne high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS). The SOA yield increased from 28.1 % in the absence of NH3 to 34.7 % in the presence of NH3 but decreased to 19.5 % in the presence of NOx. However, the highest SOA yield of 42.7 % and the lowest carbon oxidation state (OSC) occurred in the presence of both NH3 and NOx, indicating that the higher-volatility products that formed in the presence of NOx could partition into the particle phase when NH3 was added. This resulted in a synergetic effect on SOA formation when NH3 and NOx co-existed. The heterogeneous reaction was the main pathway by which NH3 participated in SOA formation in the photooxidation process. The synergetic effect of NH3 and NOx was also observed in SOA optical absorption. A peak at 280 nm, which is characteristic of organonitrogen imidazole compounds, was observed in the presence of NH3, and its intensity increased when NOx was added into the chamber. This work improves our understanding of how the synergistic interactions between NH3 and NOx influence SOA formation and offers new insights into mitigating haze pollution.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergetic effects of NH3 and NOx on the production and optical absorption of secondary organic aerosol formation from toluene photooxidation

et al. 2021

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“…They found that, on fine aerosols with high RH and NH 3 neutralization or under cloud conditions, the aqueous oxidation of SO 2 by NO 2 is key to efficient sulfate formation. Zhang et al [25] used the laboratory smog chamber to investigate the heterogeneous reaction dynamics of SO 2 oxidation by the abundantly co-existing O 3 and NO 2 in urban China. Their results showed that, in the chamber, heterogeneous production of sulfate from oxidation of SO 2 under NH 3 -rich conditions by O 3 and NO 2 mixture was 2.0-3.5 times the sum of sulfate from SO 2 oxidation by O 3 and NO 2 .…”

Section: Characteristics Of Secondary Pollution During Observation Pe...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Extinction Effect of PM2.5 and Its Chemical Components during Heating Period in an Urban Area in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region

et al. 2022

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PM2.5 pollution and visibility impairment has attracted wild public attention in urban China during the past decade. Field observation was carried out in Tianjin, China, during heating (HP) and non-heating periods (NHP). The IMPROVE (Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments) method was localized to better understand the quantitative impact of PM2.5 composition on extinction coefficient (Bext). Bext of organic mass (OM) was classified into that of primary organic aerosol (POA) and secondary organic aerosol (SOA). Bext of Rayleigh scattering was calculated based on observation data directly, instead of a fixed value in the original IMPROVE method. The mass extinction efficiency (MEE) of EC was also updated based on literature research. The estimation bias of reconstructed Bext was reduced from 4.8 Mm−1 to 0.8 Mm−1 with the localized algorithm. It was found that the secondary components contribute more than 40% of Bext, and ammonium sulfate (AS) and ammonium nitrate (AN) are the dominant components. The different formation pathway leads to significant difference in secondary inorganic components during HP and NHP. Based on the positive matrix factorization (PMF) model and localized IMPROVE method, secondary aerosols were identified as the main source contributing to both PM2.5 concentration (48.2%) and Bext (44.3%) during HP, followed by vehicular emission and coal combustion, biomass burning with municipal incinerators, fugitive dust, and steel processing.

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“…However, as a consequence of excessive resource consumption, China is gradually becoming one of the most polluted countries in the world. In particular, SO 2 has become one of the major pollutants of PM 2.5 and acid rain [4]. As the "invisible killer" of the "smog incident" in London, England, in 1952, SO 2 has been classified as a Class III carcinogen by the World Health Organization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatio-Temporal Evolution and Spatial Heterogeneity of Influencing Factors of SO2 Emissions in Chinese Cities: Fresh Evidence from MGWR

Yuan

Sun

Yu³

et al. 2021

Sustainability

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In this study, based on the multi-source nature and humanities data of 270 Chinese cities from 2007 to2018, the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of SO2 emissions are revealed by using Moran’s I, a hot spot analysis, kernel density, and standard deviation ellipse models. The spatial scale heterogeneity of influencing factors is explored by using the multiscale geographically weighted regression model to make the regression results more accurate and reliable. The results show that (1) SO2 emissions showed spatial clustering characteristics during the study period, decreased by 85.12% through pollution governance, and exhibited spatial heterogeneity of differentiation. (2) The spatial distribution direction of SO2 emissions’ standard deviation ellipse in cities was “northeast–southwest”. The gravity center of the SO2 emissions shifted to the northeast, from Zhumadian City to Zhoukou City in Henan Province. The results of hot spots showed a polarization trend of “clustering hot spots in the north and dispersing cold spots in the south”. (3) The MGWR model is more accurate than the OLS and classical GWR regressions. The different spatial bandwidths have a different effect on the identification of influencing factors. There were several main influencing factors on urban SO2 emissions: the regional innovation and entrepreneurship level, government intervention, and urban precipitation; important factors: population intensity, financial development, and foreign direct investment; secondary factors: industrial structure upgrading and road construction. Based on the above conclusions, this paper explores the spatial heterogeneity of urban SO2 emissions and their influencing factors, and provides empirical evidence and reference for the precise management of SO2 emission reduction in “one city, one policy”.

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Rapid sulfate formation from synergetic oxidation of SO2 by O3 and NO2 under ammonia-rich conditions: Implications for the explosive growth of atmospheric PM2.5 during haze events in China

Cited by 35 publications

References 59 publications

Synergetic effects of NH<sub>3</sub> and NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> on the production and optical absorption of secondary organic aerosol formation from toluene photooxidation

Synergetic effects of NH<sub>3</sub> and NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> on the production and optical absorption of secondary organic aerosol formation from toluene photooxidation

Evaluation of Extinction Effect of PM2.5 and Its Chemical Components during Heating Period in an Urban Area in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region

Spatio-Temporal Evolution and Spatial Heterogeneity of Influencing Factors of SO2 Emissions in Chinese Cities: Fresh Evidence from MGWR

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Rapid sulfate formation from synergetic oxidation of SO2 by O3 and NO2 under ammonia-rich conditions: Implications for the explosive growth of atmospheric PM2.5 during haze events in China

Cited by 35 publications

References 59 publications

Synergetic effects of NH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; and NO&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;x&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; on the production and optical absorption of secondary organic aerosol formation from toluene photooxidation

Synergetic effects of NH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; and NO&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;x&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; on the production and optical absorption of secondary organic aerosol formation from toluene photooxidation

Evaluation of Extinction Effect of PM2.5 and Its Chemical Components during Heating Period in an Urban Area in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region

Spatio-Temporal Evolution and Spatial Heterogeneity of Influencing Factors of SO2 Emissions in Chinese Cities: Fresh Evidence from MGWR

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Synergetic effects of NH<sub>3</sub> and NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> on the production and optical absorption of secondary organic aerosol formation from toluene photooxidation

Synergetic effects of NH<sub>3</sub> and NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> on the production and optical absorption of secondary organic aerosol formation from toluene photooxidation