“…Hence, in order to successfully develop ASR applications in real environments, it is crucial to take into account such mismatches. Since the information provided by a new speaker is very little in many applications, a variety of rapid adaptation techniques which use only a small amount of adaptation data are required (Digalakis et al, 1999;Kuhn et al, 2001b). Recently, many model based adaptation algorithms which modify hidden Markov model (HMM) parameters so as to better fit to a new speaker have been developed (Lee and Huo, 2000;Woodland, 2001;Sagayama et al, 2001).…”