Rapid, Solid-State Metathesis Routes to Metal Carbides

Abstract

followed by dropwise addition of 338 mL of H 2 O while stirring vigorously. The homogeneous mixture was purged with nitrogen and 5 mL of 1 M Cd(NO 3 ) 2 ×4H 2 O was then added via a microliter syringe to 10 mL of the stirred reverse micelle solution. 5 mL of 1 M Na 2 S was slowly added and the solution was stirred for 20 min. Particle sizes were determined by UV-vis spectroscopy.Mechanical testing was performed on single fibers of the inorganic-silk composites, which were attached to the twin arms of a custom-built stress± strain gauge using cyanoacrylate adhesive, and hysteresis cycles and breaking strength measurements were performed at ambient conditions of 29 C and 34 % relative humidity. The measured stress was normalized using fiber diameters determined by SEM (mean diameter = 3.1±0.5 mm). The custom stress±strain gauge consisted of a FORT 10 force transducer (World Precision Instruments) and a Pen Motor Assembly (Hewlett Packard).

Easy synthesis of TiC nanocrystallite

“…Although TiCl 4 is excessive in the experiment and remained after the reaction (white smoke when opening the autoclave), however, from the XRD analysis, a small amount of graphite was coexisted with TiC. This demonstrates that free carbon formed during the reaction, which is different from the result obtained by Nartowski et al [16,17] when they prepared metal carbides by SSM. The possible reaction of our experiment can be expressed as follows:…”

“…Chang et al [8] synthesized TiC by reacting bulk Ti powders with gaseous I-chlorobutane at a relatively low temperature (800-1000 C). There are still other physical and chemical methods, such as selfpropagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) [9][10][11], Mg-thermal reduction [12], gas-phase laser-induced reaction [13], mechanical milling [14], laser chemical vapor deposition (LCVD) [15], and solid-state metathesis (SSM) [16,17]. All these methods needed high temperature or complex manipulation.…”

Magnetic properties of carbon coated Fe, Co and Ni nanoparticles

“…This route is considered to be modified solid-state metathesis (SSM) [36][37][38][39] pathway. The starting materials, melamine and metal precursors (Fe/Fe 3 O 4 , Co 3 O 4 and NiO) are in the solidstate before the reactions.…”

Fabrication of ZrC particles and its formation mechanism by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis from Fe–Zr–C elemental powders

“…As one of the potential and promising materials, ZrC has been applied for cutting tools, high temperature ceramic crucibles in the mechanical and nuclear industry, electrical devices and the reinforcing particles in the composites [5][6][7][8]. Traditionally, ZrC is produced by the carbothermal reduction of ZrO 2 with C at elevated temperature, mechanical alloying, the solid-state metathesis route, chemical vapor deposition [9][10][11][12]. However, in most cases, these methods would result in impurity of the products, complication of the process and equipment.…”