Rapid simulation of X-ray scatter measurements for threat detection via GPU-based ray-tracing

Gong, Qian; Greenberg, Joel A.; Stoian, Razvan-Ionut; Coccarelli, David; Vera, Esteban; Gehm, Michael E.

doi:10.1016/j.nimb.2019.03.006

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Figure 4: Four-view, dual-energy images of a soda can generated via a) a Smiths 6040 aTiX scanner, b) our homebuilt testbed scanner, and c) our virtual model of the 6040 aTiX system generated via our physics simulation tool. 14,15 The true value in using the testbed and simulation tools, however, lies in their ability to explore the full breadth of possible transmission and scatter measurements. For example, we can use the testbed to measure the energy-dependent attenuation coefficient µ(E), rather than just a dual energy representation of the material.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Relatedly, ensembles of target objects with sufficient material and shape diversity and realism are necessary but typically do not exist. We therefore use the physical simulation tool developed by Gong et al 14,15 to represent arbitrary transmission and scatter measurement systems and the stochastic bag generator (SBG) 16 to create representative, randomly-generated virtual bags. We use these tools together to create virtual representations of existing systems (e.g.…”

Section: Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Motivations and methods for the analysis of multi-modality x-ray systems for explosives detection

Carpenter

Ding

Hurlock

et al. 2019

Anomaly Detection and Imaging With X-Rays (ADIX) IV

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Transmission-based imaging and X-ray diffraction-based material analysis have largely developed independently. However, for a variety of applications ranging from in-vivo soft tissue analysis to concealed explosives detection, it is necessary to realize high-fidelity, spatially-resolved material discrimination. We therefore seek to understand to what degree transmission and X-ray diffraction (XRD) complement one another and can be implemented practically, particularly in the case of explosives detection in aviation security. Using a combination of simulated and experimental data, we identify the relative value of the X-ray signatures available to transmission and XRD measurements, and explore how the measurement fidelity can impact these results.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motivations and methods for the analysis of multi-modality x-ray systems for explosives detection

Carpenter

Ding

Hurlock

et al. 2019

Anomaly Detection and Imaging With X-Rays (ADIX) IV

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…GPUs are low-cost, low-power consumption, and high performance concerning conventional multiprocessors. Many current desktop computers have equipped with the GPU enable graphics cards, which can improve the performance of processing without additional costs [28,45]. Thus achieving speed up even around 5× by GPU can be valuable work.…”

Section: Comparison Between Previous and Proposed Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Representation of Membrane Computing with a Clustering Algorithm on the Graphical Processing Unit

Muniyandi

Maroosi

2020

Processes

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Long-timescale simulations of biological processes such as photosynthesis or attempts to solve NP-hard problems such as traveling salesman, knapsack, Hamiltonian path, and satisfiability using membrane systems without appropriate parallelization can take hours or days. Graphics processing units (GPU) deliver an immensely parallel mechanism to compute general-purpose computations. Previous studies mapped one membrane to one thread block on GPU. This is disadvantageous given that when the quantity of objects for each membrane is small, the quantity of active thread will also be small, thereby decreasing performance. While each membrane is designated to one thread block, the communication between thread blocks is needed for executing the communication between membranes. Communication between thread blocks is a time-consuming process. Previous approaches have also not addressed the issue of GPU occupancy. This study presents a classification algorithm to manage dependent objects and membranes based on the communication rate associated with the defined weighted network and assign them to sub-matrices. Thus, dependent objects and membranes are allocated to the same threads and thread blocks, thereby decreasing communication between threads and thread blocks and allowing GPUs to maintain the highest occupancy possible. The experimental results indicate that for 48 objects per membrane, the algorithm facilitates a 93-fold increase in processing speed compared to a 1.6-fold increase with previous algorithms.

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“…While we have previously shown that synthetic datasets have the capacity to directly match the statistics of an empirical dataset [6,7,9,10], approaching synthetic data validation and application from this perspective fundamentally limits the value of the synthetic data. In this paper, we discuss the ways in which synthetic datasets differ from empirical datasets and how these differences can result in more robust, interpretable detection algorithms and quantitative, complete assessments of a system's detection performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unique opportunities to sample parameter space using physics-based synthetic x-ray data

Greenberg¹,

Pike²,

Coccarelli³

2023

Anomaly Detection and Imaging With X-Rays (ADIX) VIII

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Physics-based synthetic data generation has been shown to complement empirical data in the rapid development of robust algorithms as well as their testing and interpretation. Quadridox’s QSim RT framework can generate rapidly large volumes of realistic X-ray data and associated metadata; while this data can be made to match traditional empirical data collections, the true value of physics-based synthetic data resides in the ways that it goes beyond empirical data to fully explore and map out the parameter space in which the data resides.

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Rapid simulation of X-ray scatter measurements for threat detection via GPU-based ray-tracing

Cited by 8 publications

References 20 publications

Motivations and methods for the analysis of multi-modality x-ray systems for explosives detection

Motivations and methods for the analysis of multi-modality x-ray systems for explosives detection

A Representation of Membrane Computing with a Clustering Algorithm on the Graphical Processing Unit

Unique opportunities to sample parameter space using physics-based synthetic x-ray data

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