Rapid screening of anabolic steroids in horse urine with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry after chemical derivatisation

Wong, Colton H.F.; Leung, David K.K.; Tang, Fei; Wong, Jenny K. Y.; Yu, Nola H.; Wan, Terence S.M.

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2011.12.095

Cited by 37 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 25 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…One way to provide assurance that hydrolysis is complete is to conduct a separate methanolysis of the sample with anhydrous hydrogen chloride in methanol [52]. The concentrations of non-conjugated estrogens that are determined can then be compared with those obtained from G/S hydrolysis [53,54]. …”

Section: Conjugated Estrogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of estrogens and androgens in postmenopausal serum and plasma by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Liquid chromatography-selected reaction monitoring/mass spectrometry-based methodology has evolved to the point where accurate analyses of trace levels of estrogens and androgens in postmenopausal serum and plasma can be accomplished with high precision and accuracy. A suite of derivatization procedures has been developed, which together with modern mass spectrometry instrumentation provide investigators with robust and sensitive methodology. Preionized derivatives are proving to be useful as they are not subject to suppression of the electrospray signal. Postmenopausal women with elevated plasma or serum estrogens are thought to be at increased risk for breast and endometrial cancer. Therefore, significant advances in risk assessment should be possible now that reliable methodology is available. It is also possible to conduct analyses of multiple estrogens in plasma or serum. Laboratories that are currently employing liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry methodology can now readily implement this strategy. This will help conserve important plasma and serum samples available in Biobanks, as it will be possible to conduct high sensitivity analyses using low initial sample volumes. Reported levels of both conjugated and non-conjugated estrogen metabolites are close to the limits of sensitivity of many assays to date, urging caution in the interpretation of these low values. The analysis of serum androgen precursors in postmenopausal women has not been conducted routinely in the past using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry methodology. Integration of serum androgen levels into the panel of metabolites analyzed could provide additional information for assessing cancer risk and should be included in the future.

show abstract

Section: Conjugated Estrogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of estrogens and androgens in postmenopausal serum and plasma by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Several screening methods have been applied for the detection of groups of substances with similar properties and pharmacological activities (class based methods). [91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99] However, in recent years, research groups have shown a tendency to the establishment of comprehensive screening methodologies that provide broad coverage of a large number of different doping agents in equestrian sports. In general terms, the above purpose has been achieved by:…”

Section: Detection Methods In Equine Anti-doping For Small Moleculesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges in detecting substances for equine anti‐doping

Fragkaki

Kioukia‐Fougia

Kiousi

et al. 2017

Drug Testing and Analysis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The artificial increase of the physical capability of horses using drugs is well known in racing and other equine sports. Both illicit and therapeutic substances are regarded as prohibited substances in competition in most countries. Some countries make distinctions for a few, specific drugs which are, however, allowed for use in other countries. The primary objective in the case of doping control is the detection of any trace of drug exposure, either parent drug or any of its metabolites, using the most powerful analytical methods which are generally based on chromatographic/mass spectrometric techniques. Of major concern in horseracing is the absence of a single organization regulating the anti-doping framework; instead of this, individual racing authorities provide rules and regulations often resulting in variations in the applied doping control programmes of different countries. The aim of this paper is to review the recent literature (approximately from 2012 to mid-2016) to highlight the numerous and diverse challenges faced in doping control of racing and equestrian sports, including the detection of designer drugs (anabolic steroids or stimulants) and of other emerging prohibited substances, such as peptides and noble gases in horse urine and plasma. Moreover, the application of 'omics' techniques (especially of metabolomics) deserves attention for establishing possible fingerprints of drug abuse as well as the evolution of instrumental analysis resulting a powerful ally in the fight against doping in equine sports.

show abstract

“…A promising method for overcoming this problem involves solvolysis of the conjugates with anhydrous methanolic hydrogen chloride an approach that was first published by Tang and Crone in 1989 [58]. Several groups have used this approach subsequently [57, 59]. Surprisingly, it does not appear to have been employed in studies conducted with serum and plasma samples from older men, children, and postmenopausal women.…”

Section: Lc-tandem Ms (Ms/ms)-based Assays For Estrogen Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultra-high sensitivity analysis of estrogens for special populations in serum and plasma by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry: Assay considerations and suggested practices

Wang

Mesaros

Blair

2016

The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Estrogen measurements play an important role in the clinical evaluation of many endocrine disorders as well as in research on the role of hormones in human biology and disease. It remains an analytical challenge to quantify estrogens and their metabolites in specimens from special populations including older men, children, postmenopausal women and women receiving aromatase inhibitors. Historically, immunoassays have been used for measuring estrogens and their metabolites in biological samples for risk assessment. However, the lack of specificity and accuracy of immunoassay-based methods has caused significant problems when interpreting data generated from epidemiological studies and across different laboratories. Stable isotope dilution (SID) methodology coupled with liquid chromatography-selected reaction monitoring-mass spectrometry (LC-SRM/MS) is now accepted as the ‘gold-standard’ to quantify estrogens and their metabolites in serum and plasma due to improved specificity, high accuracy, and the ability to monitor multiple estrogens when compared with immunoassays. Ultra-high sensitivity can be obtained with pre-ionized derivatives when using triple quadruple mass spectrometers in the selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode coupled with nanoflow LC. In this review, we have examined the special issues related to utilizing ultra-high sensitivity SID LC-SRM/MS-based methodology to accurately quantify estrogens and their metabolites in the serum and plasma from populations with low estrogen levels. The major issues that are discussed include: sample preparation for both unconjugated and conjugated estrogens, derivatization, chromatographic separation, matrix effects, and assay validation.

show abstract

Rapid screening of anabolic steroids in horse urine with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry after chemical derivatisation

Cited by 37 publications

References 25 publications

Analysis of estrogens and androgens in postmenopausal serum and plasma by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry

Analysis of estrogens and androgens in postmenopausal serum and plasma by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry

Challenges in detecting substances for equine anti‐doping

Ultra-high sensitivity analysis of estrogens for special populations in serum and plasma by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry: Assay considerations and suggested practices

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About