Rapid Scan, Stopped‐Flow Kinetics

Abstract

One of the most frequently used rapid kinetics techniques is the stopped‐flow method. A major strength of rapid mixing methods is that they can be readily combined with a wide range of detection methods. Applications of stopped‐flow techniques, mainly stopped‐flow absorbance and fluorescence spectrometry, in the fields of inorganic and bioinorganic chemistry include kinetic measurement of ligand substitution, ligand binding and dissociation, redox reactions, and so on. The kinetic and thermodynamic parameters can be calculated with the aid of stopped‐flow methods. The general procedures for kinetic and thermodynamic studies by using stopped‐flow techniques are also discussed.

Determination of Kinetics in Gas-Liquid Reaction Systems. An Overview

“…The fresh reaction mixture is rapidly transferred into an observation cell while the previous content of the cell is flushed out. Then the liquid flow is stopped by a stopping syringe or hard stop valve at the exit of the cell [22]. The time required for the reactants to flow from the final point of mixing to the observation cell is referred to as a dead time.…”

“…-an example of data treatment [21] A significant limitation of the stopped-flow technique is the possibility of following processes with the overall kinetic rate constant k ov of the order of some hundred reciprocal seconds depending on the dead time of a certain instrument. In the best case, monitoring the reaction progress with an observed rate constant close to 1000 s -1 is possible [22]. It means that the concentration of both reagents should be carefully selected to monitor the progress of a chemical reaction in the time much longer than the dead time.…”