Rapid Scaling Up of Covid-19 Diagnostic Testing in the United States — The NIH RADx Initiative

Tromberg, Bruce J.; Schwetz, Tara A.; Pérez‐Stable, Eliseo J.; Hodes, Richard J.; Woychik, Richard P.; Bright, Rick A.; Fleurence, Rachael; Collins, Francis S.

doi:10.1056/nejmsr2022263

Cited by 204 publications

(192 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…38 While direct detection suffers from low sensitivity, 10,39 the rapid identification of SARS-CoV-2 is critical for patient contact tracing, identifying hosts, and epidemiologic studies. [2][3][4] The peptides discovered by our platform may provide a useful SARS-CoV-2 detection modality to help achieve these goals.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,2 There is a crucial need for diagnostic testing of SARS-CoV-2 to improve outbreak containment. 3,4 Currently, the reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method is the gold standard of SARS-CoV-2 detection. 5,6 Serologic detection of patient derived antibodies can be used to track SARS-CoV-2 progression and immunity, but has limited early detection ability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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De NovoDiscovery of High Affinity Peptide Binders for the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein

Pomplun

Jbara

Quartararo

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The β-coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has caused a global pandemic. Affinity reagents targeting the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, the most exposed surface structure of the virus, are of interest for the development of therapeutics and diagnostics. We used affinity selection-mass spectrometry for the rapid discovery of synthetic high affinity peptide binders for the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. From library screening with 800 million synthetic peptides, we identified three sequences with nanomolar affinities (dissociation constants Kd = 80 to 970 nM) for RBD and selectivity over human serum proteins. Picomolar RBD concentrations in biological matrix could be detected using the biotinylated lead peptide in ELISA format. These peptides might associate with the SARS-CoV-2-spike-RBD at a site unrelated to ACE2 binding, making them potential orthogonal reagents for sandwich immunoassays. We envision our discovery as a robust starting point for the development of SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics or conjugates for virus directed delivery of therapeutics.Abstract Figure

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

De NovoDiscovery of High Affinity Peptide Binders for the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein

Pomplun

Jbara

Quartararo

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…[57][58][59] In other countries, such as South Korea, 60 Hong Kong 61 and Germany, 62 testing capacity was rapidly expanded to help control the initial epidemic wave. Innovative programs to expand testing, like the Rapid Acceleration of Diagnostics (RADx) program in the United States, 63 are also under way. These examples show massive testing programs are possible when governments prioritize efforts, provide adequate funding, involve all sectors and leverage human resources.…”

Section: Research Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active testing of groups at increased risk of acquiring SARS-CoV-2 in Canada: costs and human resource needs

Campbell

Uppal

Oxlade

et al. 2020

CMAJ

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T o suppress the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the pathogen responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), many countries have adopted social-isolation measures. 1,2 These efforts have been largely successful but have had major economic implications. As of June 2020, the Canadian federal fiscal response alone was an estimated $169.2 billion. 3 Further, unemployment in June 2020 was 12% 4 and real gross domestic product is projected to fall 8.4% in 2020. 5 These consequences have led to demands to reopen the economy quickly. 6,7 Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is primarily used to detect acute SARS-CoV-2. 8 Because of capacity constraints, RT-PCR testing was initially reserved for individuals presenting with symptoms consistent with COVID-19. 9-11 As capacity expanded and the initial wave of the epidemic was brought under control, however, testing was subsequently made available to people with minimal or no symptoms. 12 Modelling studies have estimated such individuals account for more than 50% of community transmission. 13-16 This is supported by studies that indicate viral shedding begins before symptom onset 17,18 and case series

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“…For example, recently the new method is invented by TakaraBio in USA to allow faster and larger scale PCR testing, where 5,000 tests can be done in about two hours (TakaraBio 2020). As the National Institute of Health is aiming at the 6 million PCR test per day, such aggressive research plan is promising to suppress this pandemic (Tromberg et al, 2020). Recently, innovative technique such as vocal biomarkars is proposed by MIT Lincoln Laboratory to identify the asymptomatic people with COVID-19 positive (Quatieri et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussion and Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Suppression of COVID-19 infection by isolation time control based on the SIR model and an analogy from nuclear fusion research

Mitarai

Yanagi

2020

Preprint

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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been damaging our daily life after declaration of pandemic. Therefore, we have started studying on the characteristics of Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered (SIR) model to know about the truth of infectious disease and our future. 　After detailed studies on the characteristics of the SIR model for the various parameter dependencies with respect to such as the outing restriction (lockdown) ratio and vaccination rate, we have finally noticed that the second term (isolation term) in the differential equation of the number of the infected is quite similar to the "helium ash particle loss term" in deuterium-tritium (D-T) nuclear fusion. Based on this analogy, we have found that isolation of the infected is not actively controlled in the SIR model. Then we introduce the isolation control time parameter q and have studied its effect on this pandemic. Required isolation time to terminate the COVID-19 can be estimated by this proposed method. 　To show this isolation control effect, we choose Tokyo for the model calculation because of high population density. We determine the reproduction number and the isolation ratio in the initial uncontrolled phase, and then the future number of the infected is estimated under various conditions. If the confirmed case can be isolated in 3~8 days by widely performed testing, this pandemic could be suppressed without awaiting vaccination. If the mild outing restriction and vaccination are taken together, the isolation control time can be longer. We consider this isolation time control might be the only solution to overcome the pandemic when vaccine is not available.

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Rapid Scaling Up of Covid-19 Diagnostic Testing in the United States — The NIH RADx Initiative

Cited by 204 publications

References 22 publications

De NovoDiscovery of High Affinity Peptide Binders for the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein

De NovoDiscovery of High Affinity Peptide Binders for the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein

Active testing of groups at increased risk of acquiring SARS-CoV-2 in Canada: costs and human resource needs

Suppression of COVID-19 infection by isolation time control based on the SIR model and an analogy from nuclear fusion research

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