Rapid Rise of Sea Level 19,000 Years Ago and Its Global Implications

Clark, Peter U.; McCabe, Anne; Mix, Alan C; Weaver, Andrew J.

doi:10.1126/science.1094449

Cited by 288 publications

(209 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…However, sea level could not have been the primary mechanism that controlled past hydrocarbon emissions because the deglacial transgression was a time of increasing tar abundance in basin sediments. Alternatively, sea-level rise and transgression may have ''activated'' shallow seepage sites by reconnecting them with the ocean; however, sea-level curves indicate only modest sea-level rise (15-20 m) from 19 to 14.6 ka, with much of the sea-level change following the abrupt deglacial warming (22). Thus, sea level apparently did not play an important role in increasing hydrocarbon emissions during the deglaciation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Scenario 1: Last Glacial Maximum (18 ka), with maximum basin depth of Ϸ470 m and bottom water temperatures of 2°C. Scenario 2: Termination IA (16 -14 ka), when bottom water temperatures had warmed by Ϸ2°C and sea level had risen by only 15m (maximum basin depth 485 m) (22). Scenario 3: early Holocene (Ϸ9 ka), with basin near modern depth of 590 m; bottom waters had warmed by an additional 1-2°C.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Climatically driven emissions of hydrocarbons from marine sediments during deglaciation

Hill

Kennett²,

Valentine³

et al. 2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Marine hydrocarbon seepage emits oil and gas, including methane (Ϸ30 Tg of CH4 per year), to the ocean and atmosphere. Sediments from the California margin contain preserved tar, primarily formed through hydrocarbon weathering at the sea surface. We present a record of variation in the abundance of tar in sediments for the past 32,000 years, providing evidence for increases in hydrocarbon emissions before and during Termination IA [16,000 years ago (16 ka) to 14 ka] and again over Termination IB (11-10 ka). Our study provides direct evidence for increased hydrocarbon seepage associated with deglacial warming through tar abundance in marine sediments, independent of previous geochemical proxies. Climate-sensitive gas hydrates may modulate thermogenic hydrocarbon seepage during deglaciation.methane ͉ paleoclimate ͉ Quaternary climate ͉ hydrate ͉ tar

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climatically driven emissions of hydrocarbons from marine sediments during deglaciation

Hill

Kennett²,

Valentine³

et al. 2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…(Fairbanks, 1989;Clark et al, 2002Clark et al, , 2004, but was probably not responsible for any particular meltwater pulse (Fig. 10).…”

Section: History Of Ice-sheet Retreatmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These dates are likely to be significantly contaminated with recycled fossil organic matter and therefore provide unreliable ages for deglaciation. The arrows indicate corrected 14 C ages of global meltwater pulses (Fairbanks, 1989;Clark et al, 2002Clark et al, , 2004. observed in Belgica Trough by Ó Cofaigh et al (2005b), which indicate that the ice-stream retreat was episodic (Dowdeswell et al, 2008b;Ó Cofaigh et al, 2008).…”

Section: History Of Ice-sheet Retreatmentioning

confidence: 99%

The sedimentary legacy of a palaeo-ice stream on the shelf of the southern Bellingshausen Sea: Clues to West Antarctic glacial history during the Late Quaternary

Hillenbrand

Larter

Dowdeswell

et al. 2010

Quaternary Science Reviews

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a b s t r a c tA major trough ("Belgica Trough") eroded by a palaeo-ice stream crosses the continental shelf of the southern Bellingshausen Sea (West Antarctica) and is associated with a trough mouth fan ("Belgica TMF") on the adjacent continental slope. Previous marine geophysical and geological studies investigated the bathymetry and geomorphology of Belgica Trough and Belgica TMF, erosional and depositional processes associated with bedform formation, and the temporal and spatial changes in clay mineral provenance of subglacial and glaciomarine sediments.Here, we present multi-proxy data from sediment cores recovered from the shelf and uppermost slope in the southern Bellingshausen Sea and reconstruct the ice-sheet history since the last glacial maximum (LGM) in this poorly studied area of West Antarctica. We combined new data (physical properties, sedimentary structures, geochemical and grain-size data) with published data (shear strength, clay mineral assemblages) to refine a previous facies classification for the sediments. The multi-proxy approach allowed us to distinguish four main facies types and to assign them to the following depositional settings: 1) subglacial, 2) proximal grounding-line, 3) distal sub-ice shelf/sub-sea ice, and 4) seasonal open-marine. In the seasonal open-marine facies we found evidence for episodic currentinduced winnowing of near-seabed sediments on the middle to outer shelf and at the uppermost slope during the late Holocene.In addition, we obtained data on excess 210 Pb activity at three core sites and 44 AMS 14 C dates from the acid-insoluble fraction of organic matter (AIO) and calcareous (micro-) fossils, respectively, at 12 sites. These chronological data enabled us to reconstruct, for the first time, the timing of the last advance and retreat of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) and the Antarctic Peninsula Ice Sheet (APIS) in the southern Bellingshausen Sea. We used the down-core variability in sediment provenance inferred from clay mineral changes to identify the most reliable AIO 14 C ages for ice-sheet retreat. The palaeo-ice stream advanced through Belgica Trough after w36.0 corrected 14 C ka before present (B.P.). It retreated from the outer shelf at w25.5 ka B.P., the middle shelf at w19.8 ka B.P., the inner shelf in Eltanin Bay at w12.3 ka B.P., and the inner shelf in Ronne Entrance at w6.3 ka B.P. The retreat of the WAIS and APIS occurred slowly and stepwise, and may still be in progress. This dynamical ice-sheet behaviour has to be taken into account for the interpretation of recent and the prediction of future mass-balance changes in the study area. The glacial history of the southern Bellingshausen Sea is unique when compared to other regions in West Antarctica, but some open questions regarding its chronology need to be addressed by future work.

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“…The timing, the amplitude, and even the realities of those periods of accelerated sea level rise have been actively debated (Bard et al, 1996;Okuno and Nakada, 1999;Lambeck et al, 2002;Clark et al, 2004). Uncertainties con- …”

Section: Sea Level Changes and Reef Development During The Last Deglamentioning

confidence: 99%

IODP Expedition 310 Reconstructs Sea Level, Climatic and Environmental chagnes in the South Pacific during the Last Deglaciation

Camoin

Iryu

McInroy

2007

Scientific Drilling

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Rapid Rise of Sea Level 19,000 Years Ago and Its Global Implications

Cited by 288 publications

References 41 publications

Climatically driven emissions of hydrocarbons from marine sediments during deglaciation

Climatically driven emissions of hydrocarbons from marine sediments during deglaciation

The sedimentary legacy of a palaeo-ice stream on the shelf of the southern Bellingshausen Sea: Clues to West Antarctic glacial history during the Late Quaternary

IODP Expedition 310 Reconstructs Sea Level, Climatic and Environmental chagnes in the South Pacific during the Last Deglaciation

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