Rapid review shows that probiotics and fermented infant formulas do not cause <scp>d</scp>‐lactic acidosis in healthy children

Łukasik, Jan; Salminen, Seppo; Szajewska, Hania

doi:10.1111/apa.14338

Cited by 22 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…The authors suggested a theoretical possibility of developing subclinical accumulation of D-lactate. Nevertheless, the review found that a few cases in non-healthy infants (e.g., short bowel syndrome) fed with acidified formulas developed pediatric D-lactic acidosis [44]. Another narrative review that focused on identifying potential applications of postbiotic supplementation in early life reported no significant side effects in healthy children [45].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postbiotics for Preventing and Treating Common Infectious Diseases in Children: A Systematic Review

et al. 2020

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Postbiotics have recently been tentatively defined as bioactive compounds produced during a fermentation process (including microbial cells, cell constituents and metabolites) that supports health and/or wellbeing. Postbiotics are currently available in some infant formulas and fermented foods. We systematically reviewed evidence on postbiotics for preventing and treating common infectious diseases among children younger than 5 years. The PubMed, Embase, SpringerLink, and ScienceDirect databases were searched up to March 2019 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing postbiotics with placebo or no intervention. Seven RCTs involving 1740 children met the inclusion criteria. For therapeutic trials, supplementation with heat-killed Lactobacillus acidophilus LB reduced the duration of diarrhea (4 RCTs, n = 224, mean difference, MD, −20.31 h, 95% CI −27.06 to −13.57). For preventive trials, the pooled results from two RCTs (n = 537) showed that heat-inactivated L. paracasei CBA L74 versus placebo reduced the risk of diarrhea (relative risk, RR, 0.51, 95% CI 0.37–0.71), pharyngitis (RR 0.31, 95% CI 0.12–0.83) and laryngitis (RR 0.44, 95% CI 0.29–0.67). There is limited evidence to recommend the use of specific postbiotics for treating pediatric diarrhea and preventing common infectious diseases among children. Further studies are necessary to determine the effects of different postbiotics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postbiotics for Preventing and Treating Common Infectious Diseases in Children: A Systematic Review

et al. 2020

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“…D‐lactic acid is considered a risk for preterm neonates, young infants, and people with short bowel syndrome that result in acidosis. However, some clinical trials concluded that strains producers ( L. reuteri and L. acidophilus ) of D‐lactic did not cause acidosis during consumption of fermented products (Lukasik et al., 2018).…”

Section: Safety and Limitations Of Cfs From Labmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impacts of antimicrobial and antifungal activity of cell‐free supernatants from lactic acid bacteria in vitro and foods

Mani‐López

Arrioja-Bretón

López‐Malo

2021

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

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Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are distinguished by their ability to produce lactic acid, among other interesting metabolites with antimicrobial activity. A cell‐free supernatant (CFS) is a liquid containing the metabolites resulting from microbial growth and the residual nutrients of the medium used. CFS from LAB can have antimicrobial activity due to organic acids, fatty acids, and proteinaceous compounds, among other compounds. This review aims to summarize the information about CFS production, CFS composition, and the antimicrobial (antibacterial and antifungal) activity of CFS from LAB in vitro, on foods, and in active packaging. In addition, the mechanisms of action of CFS on cells, the stability of CFS during storage, CFS cytotoxicity, and the safety of CFS are reviewed. The main findings are that CFS's antibacterial and antifungal activity in vitro has been widely studied, particularly in members of the genus Lactobacillus. CFS has produced strong inhibition of bacteria and molds on foods when applied directly or in active packaging. In most studies, the compounds responsible for antimicrobial activity are identified. A few studies indicate that CFSs are stable for 1 to 5 months at temperatures ranging from 4 to 35°C. The cytotoxicity of CFS on human cells has not been well studied. However, the studies that have been performed reported no toxicity of CFS. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate novel growth mediums for CFS preparation that are compatible with food sensory properties. More studies into CFS stability and cytotoxic effects are also needed.

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“…Five reports of D-lactic acidosis can be found in the literature (Doron and Snydman 2015), of which two concern the patients with short bowel syndrome, both proceeded by the administration of probiotics (Łukasik et al 2018). Infants may be more vulnerable to D-lactic acidosis, because of weaken barrier function of the intestinal tract and reduced ability of renal excretion (Sanders et al 2010;Łukasik et al 2018). In patients at risk of developing D-lactic acidosis, especially those with former bowel surgery and subsequent gut syndrome, and in newborns and neonates, administration of probiotics which may produce D(-)-lactate should be handled very carefully (Sanders et al 2010).…”

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confidence: 99%

Are Probiotic Really Safe for Humans?

Zawistowska-Rojek

Tyski

2018

Polish Journal of Microbiology

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Probiotic properties have been observed in many genera of bacteria and fungi, but the most commonly used probiotics belong to the species of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. In addition, other bacteria genera, like Streptococcus, Enterococcus, and Bacillus, as well as members of the yeast genus Saccharomyces can have probiotic properties (Hempel et al. 2011). The most common species include: Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus johnsonii, Lactobacillus gasseri, Lacto bacillus casei, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus plantarum, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium bifidum and Bifidobacterium infantis (Ishibashi and Yamazaki 2001). Some bacteria, not regularly present in the gastrointestinal tract, like Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Streptococcus thermophilus, Leuconostoc and Lactococcus species may also belong to the category of probiotic microorganisms and are usually used as starters in dairy products (Ishibashi and Yamazaki 2001). Most probiotic species, including lactobacilli, Bifidobacterium, lactococci, and some yeasts, are classified as the "generally recognized as safe" (GRAS). But there are groups of organisms, like streptococci, enterococci, Bacillus and other spore-forming bacteria, that do not possess GRAS status but have been used as probiotics (Snydman 2008). It should be noticed that not all bacteria of a given genus or species have probiotic features, they are assigned only to specific

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Rapid review shows that probiotics and fermented infant formulas do not cause d‐lactic acidosis in healthy children

Abstract: Our main finding was that probiotics and fermented formulas did not cause d-lactic acidosis in healthy children.

Cited by 22 publications

References 28 publications

Postbiotics for Preventing and Treating Common Infectious Diseases in Children: A Systematic Review

Postbiotics for Preventing and Treating Common Infectious Diseases in Children: A Systematic Review

The impacts of antimicrobial and antifungal activity of cell‐free supernatants from lactic acid bacteria in vitro and foods

Are Probiotic Really Safe for Humans?

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