Rapid Remodeling of Axonal Arbors in the Visual Cortex

Antonini, Antonella; Stryker, Michael P.

doi:10.1126/science.8511592

Cited by 515 publications

(312 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…During the segregation of geniculocortical axons to form ocular dominance columns in development, monocular deprivation causes a functional and anatomical expansion of the open eye's cortical territory (Hubel et al, 1977;Shatz and Stryker, 1978;Stryker and Harris, 1986;Antonini and Stryker, 1993a), whereas eliminating all retinal activity in both eyes prevents column formation (Stryker and Harris, 1986). The formation of highly specific horizontal connections between orientation-specific domains in layers 2/3 also requires visual experience (C allaway and Katz, 1991;Ruthazer and Stryker, 1996).…”

Section: Abstract: Nmdar1; Activity-dependent; Visual Cortex; Develomentioning

confidence: 99%

Activity-Dependent Regulation of NMDAR1 Immunoreactivity in the Developing Visual Cortex

1997

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NMDA receptors have been implicated in activity-dependent synaptic plasticity in the developing visual cortex. We examined the distribution of immunocytochemically detectable NMDAR1 in visual cortex of cats and ferrets from late embryonic ages to adulthood. Cortical neurons are initially highly immunostained. This level declines gradually over development, with the notable exception of cortical layers 2/3, where levels of NMDAR1 immunostaining remain high into adulthood. Within layer 4, the decline in NMDAR1 immunostaining to adult levels coincides with the completion of ocular dominance column formation and the end of the critical period for layer 4. To determine whether NMDAR1 immunoreactivity is regulated by retinal activity, animals were dark-reared or retinal activity was completely blocked in one eye with tetrodotoxin (TTX). Dark-rearing does not cause detectable changes in NMDAR1 immunoreactivity. However, 2 weeks of monocular TTX administration decreases NMDAR1 immunoreactivity in layer 4 of the columns of the blocked eye. Thus, high levels of NMDAR1 immunostaining within the visual cortex are temporally correlated with ocular dominance column formation and developmental plasticity; the persistence of staining in layers 2/3 also correlates with the physiological plasticity present in these layers in the adult. In addition, visual experience is not required for the developmental changes in the laminar pattern of NMDAR1 levels, but the presence of high levels of NMDAR1 in layer 4 during the critical period does require retinal activity. These observations are consistent with a central role for NMDA receptors in promoting and ultimately limiting synaptic rearrangements in the developing neocortex.

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Section: Abstract: Nmdar1; Activity-dependent; Visual Cortex; Develomentioning

confidence: 99%

Activity-Dependent Regulation of NMDAR1 Immunoreactivity in the Developing Visual Cortex

1997

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“…Although the precise factors that guide the maturation of cortical circuits are incompletely understood, a role for patterned activity in refining immature neural circuitry has been well documented (Antonini and Stryker, 1993;Katz and Shatz, 1996). The more overt effects evident in the birth-trimmed group in comparison with the adult-trimmed group may therefore reflect an altered sequence of maturational refinements in connectivity patterns induced by abnormal somatosensory feedback.…”

Section: Possible Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Effects of Abnormal Tactile Experience on Shaping Representation Patterns in Developing and Adult Motor Cortex

Huntley

1997

J. Neurosci.

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This study investigates the influence of early somatosensory experience on shaping movement representation patterns in motor cortex. Electrical microstimulation was used to map bilaterally the motor cortices of adult rats subjected to altered tactile experience by unilateral vibrissa trimming from birth (birth-trimmed group) or for comparable periods that began in adulthood (adult-trimmed group). Findings demonstrated that (1) vibrissa trimming from birth, but not when initiated in adulthood, led to a significantly smaller-sized primary motor cortex (M1) vibrissa representation in the hemisphere contralateral to the trimmed vibrissae, with no evidence for concomitant changes in size of the adjacent forelimb representation or the representation of the intact vibrissae in the opposite (ipsilateral) hemisphere; (2) in the contralateral hemispheres of the birthtrimmed group, an abnormal pattern of evoked vibrissa movement was evident in which bilateral or ipsilateral (intact) vibrissa movement predominated; (3) in both hemispheres of the birthtrimmed group, current thresholds for eliciting movement of the trimmed vibrissa were significantly lower than normal; and (4) in the adult-trimmed group, but not in the birth-trimmed group, there was a decrease bilaterally in the relative frequency of dual forelimb-vibrissa sites that form the common border between these representations. These results show that sensory experience early in life exerts a significant influence in sculpting motor representation patterns in M1. The mature motor cortex is more resistant to the type and magnitude of influence that tactile experience has on developing M1, which may indicate that such an influence is constrained by a developmentally regulated critical period.

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“…15,16 With monocular visual deprivation, there is unilateral loss of cortical function and regression of neuronal arborization in geniculate-cortical innervations and ocular dominance column development on the affected side, and accentuated contralateral neuronal arborization. 98,99 There is also shrinkage in the size of the LGN on the affected side and compensatory increase in the contralateral LGN. 100 How is this plasticity affected by sleep?…”

Section: Role Of Sleep In Brain Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The development of potentially better practices to support the neurodevelopment of infants in the NICU

et al. 2007

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Objective: To review the existing evidence used to identify potentially better care practices that support newborn brain development.Study Design: Literature review.Result: Sixteen potentially better practices are identified and grouped into two operational clinical bundles based upon timing for recommended implementation. Conclusion:Existing evidence supports the implementation of selected care practices that potentially may support newborn brain development.

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Rapid Remodeling of Axonal Arbors in the Visual Cortex

Cited by 515 publications

References 32 publications

Activity-Dependent Regulation of NMDAR1 Immunoreactivity in the Developing Visual Cortex

Activity-Dependent Regulation of NMDAR1 Immunoreactivity in the Developing Visual Cortex

Differential Effects of Abnormal Tactile Experience on Shaping Representation Patterns in Developing and Adult Motor Cortex

The development of potentially better practices to support the neurodevelopment of infants in the NICU

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