Rapid quantitative assessment of visible injury to vegetation and visual amenity effects of fluoride air pollution

Doley, David

doi:10.1007/s10661-008-0686-7

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(110 reference statements)

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“…Assim, deve-se considerar que a maior ocorrência de áreas necrosadas nas folhas das cultivares DKB e Ômega (Figura 4) que se seguiu à degradação da clorofila tenha afetado a assimilação total de carbono pela redução da área fotossinteticamente ativa e, consequentemente, o crescimento das plantas no fim do período de estudo (Doley, 2010).…”

Section: Produção De Massa Secaunclassified

Suscetibilidade do capim-colonião e de cultivares de milho ao flúor

et al. 2011

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A emissão de fluoretos à atmosfera oriunda da produção de superfosfatos e de cerâmica tem causado preocupação pelo efeito tóxico às plantas, contudo são poucos os estudos desenvolvidos acerca do problema com espécie de interesse econômico agrícola. Desenvolveu-se o estudo para avaliar o efeito do flúor (F) atmosférico em plantas de capim-colonião e de cultivares de milho, utilizando como referência espécies bioindicadoras do tipo sensível e tolerante. As plantas foram expostas à contaminação pelo F atmosférico por curtos períodos durante 32 dias em sistema de nebulização com 0,16 mol L -1 de ácido fluorídrico no ambiente interno de uma câmara (~0,20 mmol m -3 de F), havendo um controle não exposto, com quatro repetições. A exposição das plantas ao F causou aumento da concentração do elemento nas folhas até 60 mg kg -1 para o capim-colonião, e entre 100 mg kg -1 nas folhas novas e 170 mg kg -1 nas folhas velhas para quatro cultivares de milho, o que demonstrou o efeito cumulativo do elemento no ambiente. Sintomas visuais da toxicidade foram observados nas plantas e se caracterizaram pela ocorrência de cloroses e necroses na lâmina foliar. O capim-colonião é uma espécie bastante sensível ao poluente no ar. As cultivares de milho DKB 390 e Ômega 8315 também são mais sensíveis ao F quando comparadas às AG7088 e 2B707. Os teores de clorofila a nas plantas foram mais afetados pelo F em relação aos teores de clorofila b.Palavras-chave: Panicum maximum Jacq.; Zea mays L.; bioindicadoras; fitotoxicidade; clorofila. Susceptibility of guineagrass and corn varieties to fluoride AbstractThe emission of fluorides to the atmosphere arising from the production of superphosphate and ceramics has caused concern because of toxic effects on plants. However, few studies have been developed about fluoride (F) pollution with agricultural crops. A study evaluated the effect of atmospheric F in guinea grass and maize plants, using reference bioindicator plants of the type sensitive and tolerant. The plants were exposed to atmospheric contamination by F for short periods during 32 days in a misting system delivering 0.16 mol L -1 of hydrofluoric acid inside a chamber (~ 0.20 mmol m -3 of F). Unexposed plants (control) were also evaluated, with four replications. Exposure of plants to F caused an increase in leaf fluoride concentration up to 60 mg kg -1 for guinea grass and 100 mg kg -1 in the new leaves and 170 mg kg -1 in the old leaves for four varieties of maize, which demonstrated the cumulative effect of the element in the environment. Visual symptoms of toxicity were observed in plants and characterized by occurrence of chlorosis and necrosis on leaf blades. The guinea grass proved to be a species very sensitive to air pollution. The maize varieties DKB 390 and Omega 8315 were more sensitive to F when compared to the AG7088 and 2B707 ones. Chlorophyll a in plants was more affected by the F in relation to the contents of chlorophyll b.

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Section: Produção De Massa Secaunclassified

Suscetibilidade do capim-colonião e de cultivares de milho ao flúor

et al. 2011

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“…28 Since V. lantana is widely distributed in northern Italy from valley bottoms up to 1000 a.s.l., it is therefore of interest as a possible in situ bioindicator. However, besides wide distribution, indicator requirements include also 29 (i) high and documented sensitivity to the pollutant; (ii) specificity of the response to that pollutant; (iii) responsiveness to pollutant throughout the growing season; and (iv) quantitative response to pollutant exposure. Although some of those requirements were already documented in experiments 23,24 and occurrence of symptoms reported from field surveys, 30,20 no formal attempt was carried out to verify the whole set of requirements under field conditions and over relatively large areas.…”

Section: Environmental Impactmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responsiveness of Viburnum lantana L. to tropospheric ozone: field evidence under contrasting site conditions in Trentino, northern Italy

et al. 2010

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Specific visible foliar injuries were demonstrated to occur on plants of Viburnum lantana L. (wayfaring tree) when exposed to ozone in open-top chamber experiments. However, although evidence of visible injury was reported even for native plants, no comprehensive testing has been carried out under real field conditions. Thus, the extent to which V. lantana may match the requirements to be used as an in situ bioindicator is not fully known. To investigate the actual responsiveness of native V. lantana plants to ozone under field condition, two 1 × 1 km quadrates (named "Margone" and "Lasino"), for which the occurrence of different ozone levels was known, were considered. There, a fully randomized design was adopted to ensure within-quadrate replications and to select V. lantana plants. Measurements confirmed different exposure levels (Margone, Accumulated ozone concentrations Over a Threshold of 40 ppb h (AOT40): 31 952 ppb h; Lasino, AOT40: 23 259 ppb h). Ozone visible foliar symptoms (i) matched the known symptomatology, (ii) were easy to be identified, (iii) confirmed by microscopical validation, and (iv) observed at both quadrates. However, higher frequency of symptoms, earlier date of onset and faster development occurred at the quadrate with the highest ozone exposure (Margone), although not always proportionally with the difference in ozone exposure. This may be partly due to inherent covariation of environmental variables (higher ozone exposure occurred at the sites with higher relative humidity and cooler air temperature, a set of conditions that may promote ozone uptake), and partly due to a set of (unmeasured) other factors that may cause additional oxidative stress to plants. Implications for biomonitoring are discussed.

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“…For practical assessment of chlorosis, the quantum efficiency of the partially chlorotic leaf can be calculated as the mean efficiencies of the green and chlorotic portions, allowing for the extent and intensity of chlorosis [52]. This conclusion is supported by the observation that the rate of photosynthesis in chlorotic leaves resulting from rust infection was reduced, but by less than the proportion of chlorotic area [23].…”

Section: Rate Of Photosynthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling Visible Foliar Injury Effects on Canopy Photosynthesis and Potential Crop Yield Losses Resulting from Fluoride Exposure

Doley¹,

Rossato²

2012

JEP

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Crop production models are highly developed to account for different nitrogen, light, temperature and water availability conditions and, in some species, disease or air pollutant effects. There is very limited knowledge on responses of many tropical crops, such as oil palm (Elaeis guineensis), to air pollutants although predictions of these effects are essential for industrial planning in several countries. In the absence of limitations due to water supply, the effects of leaf area loss due to necrosis and chlorosis are much more important to canopy photosynthesis than are changes in the physiological attributes that influence the efficiency of light use. Therefore, potential losses of crop production due to air pollutants such as fluoride can be inferred usefully from the extent of visible injury to foliage that may be associated with different levels of pollutant exposure.

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Rapid quantitative assessment of visible injury to vegetation and visual amenity effects of fluoride air pollution

Cited by 13 publications

References 48 publications

Suscetibilidade do capim-colonião e de cultivares de milho ao flúor

Suscetibilidade do capim-colonião e de cultivares de milho ao flúor

Responsiveness of Viburnum lantana L. to tropospheric ozone: field evidence under contrasting site conditions in Trentino, northern Italy

Modelling Visible Foliar Injury Effects on Canopy Photosynthesis and Potential Crop Yield Losses Resulting from Fluoride Exposure

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