Rapid profiling of crude scorpion venom using liquid chromatography and its relevance to species identification

Abstract

Summary. We present the comprehensive chromatographic profiles of three scorpion species, Androctonus crassicauda, Androctonus bicolor, and Leiurus quinquestriatus, commonly inhabited to Middle East regions. Their venoms were milked by electrical stimulation, diluted with distilled water, properly mixed and centrifuged to separate the mucus from venom. The clear supernatant was filtered and the protein concentration was determined. Pre-diluted venoms were chromatographed on FPLC (fast protein liquid chromatography) and RP-HPLC (reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography) and the fractions were collected for molecular weight determination. Both techniques have resulted clearly distinguishable chromatographic patterns that can be used for identification of scorpion species and having a quick indication of venom toxicity.

Unique diversity of the venom peptides from the scorpion Androctonus bicolor revealed by transcriptomic and proteomic analysis

“…1). This number of the putative venom peptide is much more than that revealed by the RP-HPLC analysis for the venom of the scorpion A. bicolor as described previously [15]. These data highlight the unique diversity of the venom peptides from the scorpion A. bicolor.…”

“…Scorpionism caused by the scorpion venom is known to lead to human death. However, little has been known about the venom components from A. bicolor so far [15,41,42]. Here, we employed transcriptomic and proteomic approaches to fully explore the diversity of the venom peptides from the scorpion.…”

Mass spectrometric analysis of Odonthobuthus Doriae scorpion venom and its non-neutralized fractions after interaction with commercial antivenom

“…The complex composition of Odonthobuthus doriae venom in this study is consistent with existing literature 28 , 29 . Previous studies on other scorpion species have also described the same complexity of chromatographic profiles, including Androctonus mauretanicus mauretanicus , Androctonus crassicauda , Androctonus bicolor , Leiurus quinquestriatus , and Tityus serrulatus 28 , 30 , 31 . The RP-HPLC chromatogram of the antivenom showed two peaks (Fig.…”

Scorpion Venom as a Source of Antimicrobial Peptides: Overview of Biomolecule Separation, Analysis and Characterization Methods

“…The collected peaks reflect the partition coefficient of each compound, thus allowing the separation of molecules with close or similar molecular masses. The resulting peaks appear sharper and more defined, with easy time-saving recovery, allowing analytical protein and peptide purification [ 44 , 45 ].…”