Rapid preparation of N-CNTs/P(AA-<i>co</i>-AM) composite hydrogel <i>via</i> frontal polymerization and its mechanical and conductive properties

Li, Bin; Xu, Xiaojia; Hu, Zhigang; Li, Yongjing; Zhou, Mengjing; Liu, Jizhen; Jiang, Yajun; Wang, Peng

doi:10.1039/d2ra02003c

Cited by 17 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…The majority of published reports employ frontal free-radical polymerization. 29,33,34,[44][45][46][47][48]50,[57][58][59][60]67,[74][75][76]78,[81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90]92,112,125,132,194,[244][245][246][247][248][249]251,252 The addition of a thermal radical source induces a series of radical chain reactions of acrylate or acrylamide derived monomers. The nature of the initiator dictates several key features.…”

Section: Large-scale Fabrication and 3d-printingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, more than 30 reports detailing the synthesis and properties of frontally prepared hydrogels exist. 58,[81][82][83][84][85][86][87][201][202][203][204]207,208,215,223,224,227,228,231,232,234,238,239,244,247,249,251,253,[258][259][260][261][262]265,266,295,303…”

Section: Hydrogelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There exist numerous potential applications for FP as a result of the rapid rate of polymerization. Swellable hydrogels with well-defined pore sizes are easily obtained with frontal free-radical polymerization techniques, 58,[81][82][83][84][85][86][87][201][202][203][204]207,208,215,223,224,227,228,231,232,234,247,249,251,254,[258][259][260][261][262]265,266,295,303 which is in stark contrast to batch-scale methods. These frontally derived hydrogels exhibit stimuli responsive behavior, wherein the swelling properties vary with nature of the surroundings (e.g., temperature, pH).…”

Section: Large-scale Fabrication and 3d-printingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Frontal Polymerizations: From Chemical Perspectives to Macroscopic Properties and Applications

Suslick

Hemmer

Groce

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The synthesis and processing of thermoplastics and thermoset polymeric materials rely on energy-inefficient and environmentally burdensome manufacturing methods. Frontal polymerization has emerged as an attractive, scalable alternative due to its exploitation of the heat of polymerization, which generally is wasted as unutilized heat-loss. The only external energy needed for frontal polymerization is an initial thermal (or photo) stimulus that locally ignites the reaction. The subsequent reaction exothermicity provides local heating; the transport of this thermal energy to neighboring monomers in either a liquid or gel-like state results in a self-perpetuating reaction zone that provides fully-cured polymeric thermosets and thermoplastics. Propagation of this polymerization front continues through the unreacted monomer media until either all reactants are consumed or sufficient heat-loss stalls further reaction. Several different polymerization mechanisms support frontal processes, including free-radical, cat- or anionic, amine-cure epoxides, and ring-opening metathesis polymerization. The choice of monomer, initiator/catalyst, and additives dictates how fast the polymer front traverses the reactant medium, as well as the maximum temperature achievable. Frontal polymerization enables the preparation of moldable thermoplastics derived from linear polymers. When crosslinking is involved, polymeric networks (e.g., rigid thermosets) are obtainable through a related process best described as a frontal curing reaction. Numerous applications of frontally-generated polymers and thermosets exist, ranging from the reinforcement of porous substrates to the design of patterned composite materials. In this review, we examine in detail the physical and chemical phenomena that govern frontal polymerization, as well as outline the existing applications.

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Section: Large-scale Fabrication and 3d-printingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hydrogelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Large-scale Fabrication and 3d-printingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Frontal Polymerizations: From Chemical Perspectives to Macroscopic Properties and Applications

Suslick

Hemmer

Groce

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…4. Figure 4(a) shows the FTIR spectral pro le of AM, the absorption peak at 3338 cm − 1 is the stretching vibration peak of -NH 2 on the amide group (-CONH 2 ), and the absorption peak at 1664 cm − 1 is the stretching vibration peak of C = O and the C = C vibration peak 30,31 . From Fig.…”

Section: Fourier Infrared Spectroscopy (Ftir)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When the pH is at 4.8 environment, the functional groups start to dissociate, the hydrogen bonding between -COOH groups is weakened, and the osmotic pressure inside the hydrogel gradually increases, leading to an increase in ESR 33 . The reason for the reduced swelling behavior of the hydrogel near pH = 7 may be due to the hydrogen bonding present within the molecules of -CONH 2 groups, which interacts with the hydrogen bonding between the molecules of carboxylic acid groups leading to an increase in cross-link density, resulting in the contraction of the polymer network 31 . When the pH is greater than 7, the carboxylic acid groups ionize, -COOH dissociates into -COO − , and the ions between generates strong electrostatic repulsion, which expands the polymer network and thus leads to an increase in osmotic pressure inside the hydrogel, resulting in an increase in the swelling rate of the hydrogel.…”

Section: Ph Responsivementioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of novel β-CD/P(AA-co-AM) hydrogels by frontal polymerization

Qin

et al. 2022

Preprint

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In this paper, betaine (Bet) was used as a hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA), acrylic acid (AA) and acrylamide (AM) were used as hydrogen bond donors (HBD) and mixed to form a deep eutectic solvent (DES). Different concentrations of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) were dispersed in DES, and a novel β-CD/P(AA-Co-AM) hydrogel was prepared by frontal polymerization (FP). Characteristic structure and morphology of the hydrogels were analyzed using Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the properties of the hydrogels were investigated. The results show that the mechanical properties of the hydrogel were improved by β-CD acting as a second cross-linking agent in the polymerization process, thus increasing the cross-link density of the hydrogel. Because the carboxyl groups contained in acrylic acid dissociate under alkaline conditions, the composite hydrogel shows excellent pH responsiveness under alkaline conditions. Tetracycline hydrochloride was used as a drug model to test the drug loading and drug release performance of hydrogels. With the increase of β-CD content, the loading capacity of hydrogels to tetracycline hydrochloride gradually increased. The data of drug release indicated that the hydrogel has good drug delivery performance and has promising applications in drug delivery systems and other areas.

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Preparation and properties of P(IA-co-AA-co-AM) composite hydrogel via frontal polymerization

Hao

et al. 2023

Colloid Polym Sci

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Rapid preparation of N-CNTs/P(AA-co-AM) composite hydrogel via frontal polymerization and its mechanical and conductive properties

Abstract: This study provides a rapid and low-energy method for the preparation of nanocomposite hydrogels with excellent mechanical properties and electrical conductivity.

Cited by 17 publications

References 43 publications

Frontal Polymerizations: From Chemical Perspectives to Macroscopic Properties and Applications

Frontal Polymerizations: From Chemical Perspectives to Macroscopic Properties and Applications

Preparation of novel β-CD/P(AA-co-AM) hydrogels by frontal polymerization

Preparation and properties of P(IA-co-AA-co-AM) composite hydrogel via frontal polymerization

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