Rapid Postcolumn Methodology for Determination of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins in Shellfish Tissue

Rourke, Wade A; Murphy, Cory; Pitcher, G. P.; Riet, Jeffery M van de; Burns, B Garth; Thomas, Krista; Quilliam, Michael A.

doi:10.1093/jaoac/91.3.589

Cited by 94 publications

(41 citation statements)

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“…To protect public health, the authorities of many countries, such as Korea, the USA, Japan, Canada, and those comprising the EU, have established monitoring programs for PSP toxins to determine whether it is safe to harvest and consume shellfish. The regulatory limit is 80 μg per 100-g shellfish tissue (Chang et al, 1987;Determan, 2003;Noguchi, 2003;Wekell et al, 2004;Toyofuku, 2006;Rourke et al, 2008).…”

Section: Sample Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation and Profile of Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning Toxins in Jinhae Bay, Korea

Mok¹,

Song²,

Lee³

et al. 2013

Fisheries and aquatic sciences

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To understand critical aspects of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) in a chief area of bivalve production in Korea, seasonal variation in PSP toxins in bivalves collected from Jinhae Bay, Korea in 2009 was surveyed by the pre-column high-performance liquid chromatography oxidation method. We also confirmed the profiles of major bivalves such as oysters Crassostrea gigas and mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis in Jinhae Bay. PSP toxins in the bivalves showed remarkable seasonal variation. PSP toxin levels were detected from April to May in 2009, and the highest total toxin levels at all stations were recorded in May. The major toxins in bivalves were gonyautoxin [GTX] 1&4 and C 1&2; in oysters GTX 2&3 were also detected as major components. GTX 1&4, which showed the highest PSP toxin levels at each station, accounted for the highest proportions of toxin components in mussels and oysters (64.5-71.3% and 41.4-42.4%, respectively). It was also confirmed that the highest toxicity (in μg saxitoxin [STX] eq/g) was derived from GTX 1&4. The highest total toxicity (in μg STX eq/g) was approximately 2-8-fold higher in mussels than in oysters collected from the same station. PSP toxin levels in bivalves differed significantly according to the sample collection station. However, the profiles of toxins in the bivalves did not show significant differences during the survey period according to sample collection station. This study shows that PSP toxin levels in some samples from Jinhae Bay were above the regulatory limit in Korea during a specific period in spring.

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Section: Sample Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation and Profile of Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning Toxins in Jinhae Bay, Korea

Mok¹,

Song²,

Lee³

et al. 2013

Fisheries and aquatic sciences

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“…1;~3000 samples). Bigelow Analytical Services toxin testing follows a chemical analytical technique that uses high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC; Rourke et al 2008, Van De Riet et al 2009) for monitoring PST levels (Anon 2011). Through each season, M. edulis and other shellfish species were collected weekly by DMR from each location and delivered to BAS for analysis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The hunt for red tides: Deep learning algorithm forecasts shellfish toxicity at site scales in coastal Maine

et al. 2019

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Farmed and wild harvest shellfish industries are increasingly important components of coastal economies globally. Disruptions caused by harmful algal blooms (HABs), colloquially known as red tides, are likely to worsen with increasing aquaculture production, environmental pressures of coastal development, and climate change, necessitating improved HAB forecasts at finer spatial and temporal resolution. We leveraged a dataset of chemical analytical toxin measurements in coastal Maine to demonstrate a new machine learning approach for high‐resolution forecasting of paralytic shellfish toxin accumulation. The forecast used a deep learning neural network to provide weekly site‐specific forecasts of toxicity levels. The algorithm was trained on images constructed from a chemical fingerprint at each site composed of a series of toxic compound measurements. Under various forecasting configurations, the forecast had high accuracy, generally >95%, and successfully predicted the onset and end of nearly all closure‐level toxic events at the site scale at a one‐week forecast time. Tests of forecast range indicated a decline in accuracy at a three‐week forecast time. Results indicate that combining chemical analytical measurements with new machine learning tools is a promising way to provide reliable forecasts at the spatial and temporal scales useful for management and industry.

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“…PSP toxins were analysed by HPLC with post‐column oxidation and fluorescence detection according to the method of Rourke and colleagues (), with slight modifications. The analyses were carried out using a Waters Acquity ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) system (Waters Corporation).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Divinyl chlorophyll a in the marine eukaryotic protist Alexandrium ostenfeldii (Dinophyceae)

Rodrı́guez

Garrido

Sobrino

et al. 2015

Environmental Microbiology

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Here it is reported the first detection of DV-chl a together with the usual chl a in the marine dinoflagellate Alexandrium ostenfeldii from the Baltic Sea. Growth response and photosynthetic parameters were examined at two irradiances (80 and 240 μmol photons m(-2) s(-1)) and temperatures (15 °C and 19 °C) in a divinylic strain (AOTV-OS20) versus a monovinylic one (AOTV-OS16), using in vivo chl a fluorescence kinetics of PSII to characterize photosynthetic parameters by pulse amplitude modulated fluorescence, (14)C assimilation rates and toxin analyses. The divinylic isolate exhibited slower growth and stronger sensitivity to high irradiance than normal chl a strain. DV-chl a : chl a ratios decreased along time (from 11.3 to < 0.5 after 10 months) and to restore them sub-cloning and selection of strains with highest DV-chl a content was required. A mutation and/or epigenetic changes in the expression of divinyl reductase gene/s in A. ostenfeldii may explain this altered pigment composition. Despite quite severe limitations (reduced fitness and gradual loss of DV-chl a content), the DV-chl a-containing line in A. ostenfeldii could provide a model organism in photosynthetic studies related with chl biosynthesis and evolution.

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Rapid Postcolumn Methodology for Determination of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins in Shellfish Tissue

Cited by 94 publications

References 0 publications

Variation and Profile of Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning Toxins in Jinhae Bay, Korea

Variation and Profile of Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning Toxins in Jinhae Bay, Korea

The hunt for red tides: Deep learning algorithm forecasts shellfish toxicity at site scales in coastal Maine

Divinyl chlorophyll a in the marine eukaryotic protist Alexandrium ostenfeldii (Dinophyceae)

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