Rapid Population Differentiation in a Mosaic Environment. I. The Response of Anthoxanthum odoratum Populations to Soils

Snaydon, R. W.

doi:10.2307/2406802

Cited by 93 publications

(96 citation statements)

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“…The selection pressures estimated above are large and probably sufficient to account for the differences already observed between populations of A. odoratum on the Park Grass Experiment (Snaydon, 1970;Snaydon and Davies, 1972;Snaydon, 1973a, l973b, 1974). The selection pressures are also large enough to account for the sharp differences that occur between populations at plot boundaries (Snaydon and Davies, unpublished) if gene flow is as slight as Griffiths (1950), Copeland and Hardin (1970) and Snaydon and Davies (unpublished) indicate.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…The greater selection coefficients against alien populations on limed plots (table 3) may be partly associated with the generally greater height and yield of the vegetation (table 1), but populations of A. odoratum collected from limed and unlimed plots of the Park Grass Experiment also differ in response to acid and calcareous soils (Snaydon, 1970) and in response to a number of specific soil nutrient factors Snaydon, l973a, 1973b, 1974).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MORPHOLOGICAL and physiological differences have evolved between populations of Anthoxanthum odoratum L. on the Park Grass Experiment within a period of less than 60 years and over distances of less than a metre (Snaydon, 1970;Snaydon andDavies, 1972, 1976;Davies and Snaydon, 1973a, 1973b, 1974Davies, 1975). The differences between populations are apparently adaptive and are seed transmitted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rapid population differentiation in a mosaic environment

1976

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SUMMARY1. Reciprocal transplants were made of pairs of contrasting populations of Ant hoxant hum odoratum collected from the Park Grass Experiment at Rothamsted.2. In most cases, plants survived longer, produced more tillers and produced more dry matter when transplanted into their native plots than when transplanted into ecologically contrasting plots.3. The average half-life of plants transplanted into contrasting plots was 8 months, that of plants in their native plots was about 2 years. 4. Selection coefficients against "alien" populations based on survival after 18 months ranged from O'09 to O77 with a mean value of O36. Similar coefficients of selection were calculated for tiller number and plant weight.5. The coefficients of selection on the various plots were correlated with both the yield of herbage on the plots and the vegetation height on the plots, this is discussed in relation to the observed pattern of differentiation of A. odoratum on the plots.6. We conclude that selection pressures acting upon A. odoratum in the mosaic of environments that occur on the Park Grass Experiment are large and sufficient to account for the morphological and physiological differences that have been observed between closely adjacent populations of A. odoratum on the plots.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rapid population differentiation in a mosaic environment

1976

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“…The most likely cause of the differences between populations in response to sites was the large differences in soil pH (table 2); however, there was no evidence that the populations from plots with a history of liming (IL,42L,1OL) performed better on the calcareous soil at Churn, or that those from unlimed plots (1U, 42U, lOU) performed better on the acid soil at Branshill (table 7). Previous studies with dense plantings of individual populations in contrasting soils (Snaydon, 1970), and with reciprocal transplanting into swards on limed and unlimed plots (Davies and Snaydon, 1976), have shown that, under competitive conditions, each population performs better when grown on its native soil type. The absence of such differences in this study may be the result of the absence of competition, since competition has been shown to increase differences in performance between populations (Snaydon, 1962;Cook et al, 1972); this will be considered below.…”

Section: Environmental Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The populations selected for study were collected from contrasting plots of the Park Grass Experiment at Rothamsted, which had received different fertilizer treatments annually for 120 years and different liming treatments for 70 years (Thurston, 1969;Williams, 1978). Previous studies have shown that populations of A. odoratum from the Park Grass Experiment differ morphologically (Snaydon and Davies, 1972), differ in their response to contrasting soils (Snaydon, 1970), and differ in their response to various mineral nutrients and toxins Snaydon, 1973, 1974).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

An assessment of the spaced-plant trial technique

Davies

Snaydon

1989

Heredity

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The study was designed to investigate the effects of ramet size, site conditions and fertilizer applications on the relative performance of plant populations, when grown in spaced-plant trials. The effects of other factors are also considered.Ten-fold differences in initial ramet size had little effect on the subsequent performance of eight contrasting genotypes of the grass species Anthoxanthum odoratum. Increasing the number of planted tillers per ramet from one to four slightly increased plant survival, but did not significantly affect plant height, plant yield or flowering date. Planting large tillers slightly increased plant yield but did not significantly affect plant survival, height or flowering date. The subsequent effects of initial ramet size were always small, compared with differences between genotypes, and there were no significant genotype x ramet size interactions.Six diverse populations of A. odoratum were grown in spaced-plant trials at three sites with contrasting soils, and with various additions of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer. There were large differences between populations in panicle height, vegetative height, shoot dry weight, flowering date and disease susceptibility. The]re were no significant population x N or population x P interactions, but there were significant population x site interactions for panicle height, shoot dry weight and mildew score, so that the performance of the various populations was not significantly correlated between sites.On the basis of this and other studies, we conclude that the relative performance of populations in spaced-plant trials is little affected by initial ramet size or by fertilizer applications. By contrast, relative performance is greatly affected by differences between sites in soil type and climate.The limitations of extrapolating the results of spaced-plant trials to the competitive conditions that normally exist in both natural and agricultural plant communities are briefly discussed.

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Evolution in Relation to Environmental Stress

Bradshaw¹,

McNeilly²

1991

Ecological Genetics and Air Pollution

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Rapid Population Differentiation in a Mosaic Environment. I. The Response of Anthoxanthum odoratum Populations to Soils

Cited by 93 publications

References 0 publications

Rapid population differentiation in a mosaic environment

Rapid population differentiation in a mosaic environment

An assessment of the spaced-plant trial technique

Evolution in Relation to Environmental Stress

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