Abstract:Background
The removal of phenol from aqueous solution via photocatalytic degradation has been recognized as an environmentally friendly technique for generating clean water. The composite nanofibers containing PAN polymer, CNT, and TiO2 NPs were successfully prepared via electrospinning method. The prepared photocatalyst is characterized by SEM, XRD, and Raman spectroscopy. Different parameters are studied such as catalyst amount, the effect of pH, phenol concentration, photodegradation mechan… Show more
“…Though many studies report 100% removal efficiency, Bekkali et al (2017) [112] report 80% removal efficiency for sulfadiazine, amoxicillin, and anthramycin, upon using photosensitive TiO 2 irradiated using UV light. In another study, the effect of degradation on natural and synthetic antibiotics is studied, and Mohammad et al (2020) [94] report the degradation efficiency, upon using immobilized TiO 2 under UV light, as 92.81% for synthetic, and 86.57% for natural, ciprofloxacin. Another catalyst, ZnO, is also used in UV-irradiated photocatalytic degradation, where better efficiencies are reported for prolonged reaction durations [113].…”
Section: Removal Of Drugs and Antibiotics And Their Derivativesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…of various phenols and their derivatives using nanoparticle-based heterogeneous catalysts.Phenol and Phenolic CompoundsPhotocatalyst and Light SourceDegradation Efficiency ReferencesPhenol TiO2/CMK-3, UV lamps, 150 min 74%[93] Phenol PAN-CNT/TiO2-NH2, UV lamp, 7 min 99%[94] …”
Photocatalysis plays a prominent role in the protection of the environment from recalcitrant pollutants by reducing hazardous wastes. Among the different methods of choice, photocatalysis mediated through nanomaterials is the most widely used and economical method for removing pollutants from wastewater. Recently, worldwide researchers focused their research on eco-friendly and sustainable environmental aspects. Wastewater contamination is one of the major threats coming from industrial processes, compared to other environmental issues. Much research is concerned with the advanced development of technology for treating wastewater discharged from various industries. Water treatment using photocatalysis is prominent because of its degradation capacity to convert pollutants into non-toxic biodegradable products. Photocatalysts are cheap, and are now emerging slowly in the research field. This review paper elaborates in detail on the metal oxides used as a nano photocatalysts in the various type of pollutant degradation. The progress of research into metal oxide nanoparticles, and their application as photocatalysts in organic pollutant degradation, were highlighted. As a final consideration, the challenges and future perspectives of photocatalysts were analyzed. The application of nano-based materials can be a new horizon in the use of photocatalysts in the near future for organic pollutant degradation.
“…Though many studies report 100% removal efficiency, Bekkali et al (2017) [112] report 80% removal efficiency for sulfadiazine, amoxicillin, and anthramycin, upon using photosensitive TiO 2 irradiated using UV light. In another study, the effect of degradation on natural and synthetic antibiotics is studied, and Mohammad et al (2020) [94] report the degradation efficiency, upon using immobilized TiO 2 under UV light, as 92.81% for synthetic, and 86.57% for natural, ciprofloxacin. Another catalyst, ZnO, is also used in UV-irradiated photocatalytic degradation, where better efficiencies are reported for prolonged reaction durations [113].…”
Section: Removal Of Drugs and Antibiotics And Their Derivativesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…of various phenols and their derivatives using nanoparticle-based heterogeneous catalysts.Phenol and Phenolic CompoundsPhotocatalyst and Light SourceDegradation Efficiency ReferencesPhenol TiO2/CMK-3, UV lamps, 150 min 74%[93] Phenol PAN-CNT/TiO2-NH2, UV lamp, 7 min 99%[94] …”
Photocatalysis plays a prominent role in the protection of the environment from recalcitrant pollutants by reducing hazardous wastes. Among the different methods of choice, photocatalysis mediated through nanomaterials is the most widely used and economical method for removing pollutants from wastewater. Recently, worldwide researchers focused their research on eco-friendly and sustainable environmental aspects. Wastewater contamination is one of the major threats coming from industrial processes, compared to other environmental issues. Much research is concerned with the advanced development of technology for treating wastewater discharged from various industries. Water treatment using photocatalysis is prominent because of its degradation capacity to convert pollutants into non-toxic biodegradable products. Photocatalysts are cheap, and are now emerging slowly in the research field. This review paper elaborates in detail on the metal oxides used as a nano photocatalysts in the various type of pollutant degradation. The progress of research into metal oxide nanoparticles, and their application as photocatalysts in organic pollutant degradation, were highlighted. As a final consideration, the challenges and future perspectives of photocatalysts were analyzed. The application of nano-based materials can be a new horizon in the use of photocatalysts in the near future for organic pollutant degradation.
“…According to the international regulatory agencies of the World Health Organization and EPA, the estimated value of phenol >1 ppm is carcinogenic and non-acceptable in water resources for inhabitants (Zarin et al, 2018). Due to its wide use and hazardous consequences, the removal of phenol from wastewater attains considerable interest among researchers by different conventional and advanced methods, that is, including adsorption/biosorption (Francis et al, 2020), biological degradation (Tomei et al, 2021), electrochemical oxidation (Yavuz and Koparal, 2006), solvent extraction (Liu et al, 2013), membrane filtration (Li et al, 2010), and photocatalytic degradation (Mohamed et al, 2020).…”
The silver-embedded wheat straw biochar (Ag–WBC) composite was tailored effectively via the green synthetic route and was used as a nano-adsorbent for the removal of phenol by using adsorption and sono-adsorption processes. Ligustrum lucidum leaf extract was employed as a reducer to prepare silver nanoparticles, and biochar was synthesized from wheat straw via pyrolysis at 450–500°C. The synthesized biochar and Ag–WBC were characterized by using UV–Vis, SEM, EDX, and FTIR. The study confirms the ability of plant leaf extract of L. lucidum to synthesize AgNPs and Ag–WBC composites for the first time. UV–vis spectroscopic analysis confirms the formation of AgNPs and Ag–WBC composites (400–440 nm). SEM results showed that the size of the Ag–WBC composite is in the range of 80–100 nm. The elemental profile of the synthesized Ag–WBC composite shows a higher count at 3 kev due to silver. FTIR analysis revealed the presence of various functional groups involved in reducing Ag metal ions into Ag nanoparticles onto the surface of the composite. Batch experiments executed adsorption and sono-adsorption studies on WBC and Ag–WBC composites, and the results revealed that under optimum conditions, that is, pH= 3, adsorbate concentration= 10 mg L−1, adsorbents dosage= 0.05 g, time= 90 min, and US power = 80 W, the phenol removal efficiencies onto Ag–WBC composite were 78% using sono-adsorption compared to the non-sonicated adsorption. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models for fitting the experimental equilibrium data were studied, and the Langmuir model was chosen as an efficient model for the sono-adsorption process. The feasibility of the sono-adsorption process was also evaluated by calculating kinetics.
“…Adsorption, photo‐degradation, chemical oxidation, advanced oxidation processes, biological treatments, and liquid membrane separation are some potential approaches used to eliminate phenolic compounds in wastewater [8–12] . Adsorption is one of the most efficient techniques to remediate phenolic chemicals in wastewater among them.…”
In this study, graphene oxide (GO) was prepared from graphite by improved Hummers’ method. Graphene oxide aerogel (GOA) was synthesized via the ice segregation induced self‐assembly method. Various modern analytical methods were utilized to characterize GOA. The results revealed the aerogel structure with a pore size of 100–150 μm, a specific surface area of 515.21 m2/g, and a pore volume of 2.08–2.16 cm3/g. The synthesized GOA was applied as an adsorbent for the removal of phenol (PN) and bisphenol A (BPA) with a maximum adsorption capacity of 117.65 and 70.17 mg/g, respectively. Response surface methodology involving a rotating central composite design was applied to investigate simultaneously the effects of adsorption variables including adsorption time, pH, and initial concentration on the removal efficiency of GOA for PN or BPA. The results showed that the optimal adsorption efficiency for PN was 92.15 % with an adsorption time of 208.52 min, a pH of 6.08, and an initial PN concentration of 30 mg/L. Regarding BPA, the optimal adsorption efficiency was 95.27 % with an adsorption time of 352.79 min, a pH of 4.91, and an initial BPA concentration of 20 mg/L. The adsorption of both PN and BPA onto GOA was appropriate with the Langmuir model, in which the maximum adsorption capacity of GOA for PN and BPA was 117.65 and 70.175 mg/g, respectively. The results confirmed that the adsorption of PN and BPA onto GOA was monolayer adsorption on a homogeneous surface. The adsorption mechanism of GOA for PN or BPA depended mainly on the electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonding between −OH of PN, BPA, and oxygen‐containing functional groups of GOA. Besides, π‐π interaction between carbon rings of GOA and PN or BPA also contributed to the enhancement of adsorption performance. The results showed that GOA exhibited potential application in the treatment of organic pollutants. Besides, the evaluation of the morphology of the GOA and the simultaneous effects of different factors can contribute to the advancement of graphene‐based materials and the improvement of wastewater treatment.
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