Abstract:Abstract:There has been an increase in the use of composite materials in the aerospace industry which is driving a need for new NDT techniques that can rapidly scan large structures and provide quantitative data on the material integrity. In many applications there are common requirements for the ultrasonic inspection of composites for porosity, delaminations, foreign body contamination and fibre wrinkling. Traditional methods of ultrasonic inspection require the use of a single point probe or a multiplexed gr… Show more
“…The method is also of potential value to efforts to extend current 2D strain analysis of brain motion to from working with image slices to fully volumetric data sets, where a major unmet challenge is to identify the origins of strain concentrations near attachment points (e.g., see Refs. [11] and [42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55]). In all such applications, we believe that the accuracy and precision of 3D-DDE and the reliability check afforded by 3D-SIMPLE will improve our ability to interpret the distribution of strains on the interior of biological and engineered structures.…”
Quantifying dynamic strain fields from time-resolved volumetric medical imaging and microscopy stacks is a pressing need for radiology and mechanobiology. A critical limitation of all existing techniques is regularization: because these volumetric images are inherently noisy, the current strain mapping techniques must impose either displacement regularization and smoothing that sacrifices spatial resolution, or material property assumptions that presuppose a material model, as in hyperelastic warping. Here, we present, validate, and apply the first three-dimensional (3D) method for estimating mechanical strain directly from raw 3D image stacks without either regularization or assumptions about material behavior. We apply the method to high-frequency ultrasound images of mouse hearts to diagnose myocardial infarction. We also apply the method to present the first ever in vivo quantification of elevated strain fields in the heart wall associated with the insertion of the chordae tendinae. The method shows promise for broad application to dynamic medical imaging modalities, including high-frequency ultrasound, tagged magnetic resonance imaging, and confocal fluorescence microscopy.
“…The method is also of potential value to efforts to extend current 2D strain analysis of brain motion to from working with image slices to fully volumetric data sets, where a major unmet challenge is to identify the origins of strain concentrations near attachment points (e.g., see Refs. [11] and [42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55]). In all such applications, we believe that the accuracy and precision of 3D-DDE and the reliability check afforded by 3D-SIMPLE will improve our ability to interpret the distribution of strains on the interior of biological and engineered structures.…”
Quantifying dynamic strain fields from time-resolved volumetric medical imaging and microscopy stacks is a pressing need for radiology and mechanobiology. A critical limitation of all existing techniques is regularization: because these volumetric images are inherently noisy, the current strain mapping techniques must impose either displacement regularization and smoothing that sacrifices spatial resolution, or material property assumptions that presuppose a material model, as in hyperelastic warping. Here, we present, validate, and apply the first three-dimensional (3D) method for estimating mechanical strain directly from raw 3D image stacks without either regularization or assumptions about material behavior. We apply the method to high-frequency ultrasound images of mouse hearts to diagnose myocardial infarction. We also apply the method to present the first ever in vivo quantification of elevated strain fields in the heart wall associated with the insertion of the chordae tendinae. The method shows promise for broad application to dynamic medical imaging modalities, including high-frequency ultrasound, tagged magnetic resonance imaging, and confocal fluorescence microscopy.
“…High wave attenuation associated with the composite properties and high frequency transducers limits the inspection on large complex structures. Ultrasonic phased array [7] and tomography [8] have recently been utilized more in aircraft SHM as they can produce high resolution images. However the biggest problem with these methods is the requirement of good coupling and a constant angle of incidence for reproducible inspection results.…”
Section: Highlights • Independent Characterization Of the Impact Damamentioning
Low-velocity impact on composites typically produces a barely visible damage at the impacted surface. The internal defects can be complex, consisting of multimode damage and the extent of the impact damage normally spreads across the thickness under the impacted surface. The characterization of impact damage in composites can be very complicated and varies for every different composite structure. In this paper, independent characterization of the low-velocity impact damage on carbon-fiber/epoxy plates using three different non-destructive evaluation methods were used. The goal is to demonstrate the ability of guided ultrasonic waves imaging technique and compared to the more widely employed techniques such as X-ray imaging and ultrasonic immersion C-scan. It was demonstrated that the low frequency A 0 guided ultrasonic wave mode generated by a low-cost piezoelectric transducer can be successfully employed to detect impact damage in composite plates and managed to estimate the size and shape of the impact damage.
“…To prevent these accidents, these structures have to be periodically inspected and repaired as needed [1]. Such structures are inspected by nondestructive testing (NDT) methods, such as visual inspection, hammering tests, X-rays [2,3], and ultrasonic scans [4,5]. Visual inspection and hammering tests are easy to perform, but the damage detection accuracy and reliability are very low.…”
We used a Kriging model to visualize the uncertainty of the estimated damage location from time domain reflectometry (TDR) measurements. The damage can be clearly detected on the transmission line through the application of a 2D microstrip line differential circuit for TDR. The reflection voltages between the observed points are interpolated, and the uncertainty is obtained by Kriging. We integrated the estimation and uncertainty contour maps into a single figure for easier understanding and statistical quantification. We used the measured TDR data to investigate three types of visualization models for damage inspection: hue-saturation-intensity color, crack existence probability, and expected improvement. All three methods quantitatively visualize the estimated crack configuration with uncertainty in a single figure. By operating these visualization models depending on the inspector's preferences, more appropriate crack estimation can be performed for wide-area fast scantype inspections such as TDR. In particular, the latter two models can be directly used as an evaluation index for secondary inspection.
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