Rapid Online Solid-State Battery Diagnostics with Optically Pumped Magnetometers

Hu, Yinan; Iwata, Geoffrey Z.; Bougas, Lykourgos; Blanchard, John W.; Wickenbrock, Arne; Jakob, G.; Schwarz, Stephan; Schwarzinger, Clemens; Jerschow, Alexej; Budker, Dmitry

doi:10.3390/app10217864

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The higher precision achievable with atomic magnetometers would be particularly valuable in battery diagnostics through non-invasive current mapping [5]. These measurements could benefit from more sensitive instrumentation, and have already been performed using zero-field OPMs [44]. These devices demonstrated a 5 nT dynamic range, hence require shielding and could only tolerate limited nickel concentrations; a problem that can be overcome using total-field sensors such as that considered in this work.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Free-induction-decay magnetic field imaging with a microfabricated Cs vapor cell

Hunter¹,

Perrella²,

McWilliam³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Magnetic field imaging is a valuable resource for signal source localization and characterization. This work reports an optically pumped magnetometer (OPM) based on the free-induction-decay (FID) protocol, that implements microfabricated cesium (Cs) vapor cell technology to visualize the magnetic field distributions resulting from various magnetic sources placed close to the cell. The slow diffusion of Cs atoms in the presence of a nitrogen (N2) buffer gas enables spatially independent measurements to be made within the same vapor cell by translating a 175 µm probe beam over the sensing area. For example, the OPM was used to record temporal and spatial information to reconstruct magnetic field distributions in one and two dimensions. The optimal magnetometer sensitivity was estimated to be 0.43 pT/ √ Hz within a Nyquist limited bandwidth of 500 Hz. Furthermore, the sensor's dynamic range exceeds the Earth's field of approximately 50 µT, which provides a framework for magnetic field imaging in unshielded environments.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Free-induction-decay magnetic field imaging with a microfabricated Cs vapor cell

Hunter¹,

Perrella²,

McWilliam³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…To compare the effectiveness of different types of magnetometers for measuring operational and defective commercial batteries, in the same year, Yinan et al used commercial SQUIDs and atomic magnetometers to test lithiumion rechargeable batteries (LIBs), as shown in Figure 11; [102]. Their results show that the atomic magnetometer has sufficient sensitivity to characterize defects in the cell.…”

Section: H R ( ) 1 4πmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic magnetometers and their application in industry

et al. 2023

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In modern detection techniques, high-precision magnetic field detection plays a crucial role. Atomic magnetometers stand out among other devices due to their high sensitivity, large detection range, low power consumption, high sampling rate, continuous gradient measurements, and good confidentiality. Atomic magnetometers have become a hot topic in the field of magnetometry due to their ability to measure not only the total strength of the Earth’s magnetic field, but also its gradients, both slow- and high-velocity transient magnetic fields, both strong and weak. In recent years, researchers have shifted their focus from improving the performance of atomic magnetometers to utilizing their exceptional capabilities for practical applications. The objective of this study is to explore the measurement principle and detection method of atomic magnetometers, and it also examines the technological means and research progress of atomic magnetometers in various industrial fields, including magnetic imaging, material examination, underwater magnetic target detection, and magnetic communication. Additionally, this study discusses the potential applications and future development trends of atomic magnetometers.

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“…The dimensions of the solid state battery measured in this work is 4.0 × 3.0 × 1.0 mm 3 , and are shown in Fig. 3 (a) [18]. It comprises Li-based-ceramic-oxide inner electrodes (noted as 2), Li-based-ceramic-oxide electrolyte (denoted as 3), copper charge collector (indicated as 1), and external electrodes made of aluminum.…”

Section: Battery Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Battery characterization via eddy-current imaging with nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond

Zhang

Chatzidrosos

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Sensitive and accurate diagnostic technologies with magnetic sensors are of great importance for identifying and localizing defects of rechargeable solid batteries in a noninvasive detection. We demonstrate a microwavefree AC magnetometry method with negatively charged NV centers in diamond based on a cross-relaxation feature between NV centers and individual substitutional nitrogen (P1) centers occurring at 51.2 mT. We apply the technique to non-destructive solid-state battery imaging. By detecting the eddy-current-induced magnetic field of the battery, we distinguish a defect on the external electrode and identify structural anomalies within the battery body. The achieved spatial resolution is 360 µm. The maximum magnetic field and phase shift generated by the battery at modulation frequency of 5 kHz are estimated as 0.04 mT and 0.03 rad respectively.

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Rapid Online Solid-State Battery Diagnostics with Optically Pumped Magnetometers

Cited by 11 publications

References 31 publications

Free-induction-decay magnetic field imaging with a microfabricated Cs vapor cell

Free-induction-decay magnetic field imaging with a microfabricated Cs vapor cell

Atomic magnetometers and their application in industry

Battery characterization via eddy-current imaging with nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond

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