Rapid Nucleophilic/Oxidative Decontamination of Chemical Warfare Agents

Wagner, George W.; Yang, Yu-Chu

doi:10.1021/ie010732f

Cited by 200 publications

(209 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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198

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“…The effect of temperature on BIS decontamination is discussed in more detail below. These values are also comparable to those obtained by Wagner and Yang (2002), who found DECON Green to be 87% effective and DS2 to be 72% effective in removing VX from a CARC panel at room temperature.…”

Section: Decon Green Effectsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…In terms of a mean efficiency for DECON Green against CEPS (10-120 minutes), values were calculated as 92% ± 4% for 4°C, 87% ± 6% for −5°C, and 93% ± 5% for −15°C, with no significant difference between the means at 4° and −15°C. These values are comparable to those obtained by Wagner and Yang (2002), who found DECON Green to be 90% effective and DS2 to be 86.7% effective in removing HD from a CARC panel at room temperature. In contrast and with one exception, an analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that there was no significant difference between means for BIS at any of the five decontamination times evaluated ( Table 2).…”

Section: Decon Green Effectsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…A similar result was observed with both dermal transfers. Wagner and Yang (2002) showed that the standard formula of DECON Green is less efficient at colder temperatures. This study suggests that the cold-weather formula may also be temperature dependent, but in terms of a lower efficiency at higher temperatures.…”

Section: Effect Of Temperature On Decon Green Efficacymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compared to existing decontamination agents, DECON Green is less corrosive and does not leave behind heavy or toxic residues (Wagner and Yang 2002). DECON Green is a solution containing hydrogen peroxide, potassium carbonate, potassium molybdate, other activators, propylene carbonate, and Triton ® X-100, a nonionic surfactant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In use, the carbonate and molybdate components activate the peroxide component to produce highly reactive peroxy anions (OOH − ). Hydrolysis of nerve agents VX and GD (Soman) and oxidation of the mustard agent HD to non-toxic byproducts have been previously demonstrated (Wagner and Yang 2002). Two formulations of DECON Green were investigated: the "standard" formulation, New DECON Green, and the "cold weather" formulation, CA 2 WT.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficacy of DECON Green against VX Nerve and HD Mustard Simulants at Subfreezing Temperatures

Reynolds¹,

Ringelberg²,

Perry³

2006

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Abstract:The objective of these studies was to quantify the efficacy of DECON Green against the VX nerve agent simulant bis (2-ethyl hexyl) phosphite and the HD mustard agent simulant 2-chloroethyl phenyl sulfide when used below 0°C relative to DECON Green use above 0°C. The efficacy of the DECON Green formulations was tested at 4°, −5° and −15°C using both dermal transfer and mass balance approaches. Dermal transfer measurements simulated the transfer of agent to skin. The mass balance approach addressed the fate of simulant by quantifying simulant recovery following each step of a decontamination process. Simulant that could not be accounted for in the mass balance was attributed to simulant degradation, and the effect of DECON Green was separated from other effects. Two formulations of DECON Green were investigated: the "standard" formulation, New DECON Green, and the "cold weather" formulation, CA 2 WT. At controlled temperatures, simulants were spread on aluminum disks or "coupons" that were treated with Chemical Agent Resistant Coating (CARC). The CARC coupons were subsequently decontaminated using standard U.S. Army testing procedures. At all temperatures investigated, sequential dermal contact transfers of the simulant were three (on the HD mustard-agent simulant) to four (on the VX nerve-agent simulant) times lower following the application of DECON Green and washing than without DECON Green or without washing. The mass balance data showed that washing with a propylene glycol:H 2 O solution was an important part of the decontamination process. DECON Green both degraded the simulant and improved simulant removal by washing. These findings indicate that at both −5° and −15°C, conditions where water-based procedures would be problematic, DECON Green and washing with propylene glycol:H 2 O can be effective at reducing surface contact hazards from chemical agent simulants.

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Section: Decon Green Effectsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Decon Green Effectsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Effect Of Temperature On Decon Green Efficacymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Efficacy of DECON Green against VX Nerve and HD Mustard Simulants at Subfreezing Temperatures

Reynolds¹,

Ringelberg²,

Perry³

2006

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Decontamination and Disposal of Contaminated Foods

Doyle¹,

Lee²,

Benson³

et al. 2008

Wiley Handbook of Science and Technology for Homeland Security

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Challenges related to disposal of foods intentionally contaminated with terrorist agents were investigated during a series of three meetings with representatives from government agencies, food companies, and disposal facilities. Technical issues were discussed along with potential economic, political, and social ramifications of different disposal strategies. Modeling was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of managing intentionally contaminated foods using conventional pollution control technologies for solid and liquid waste. The intent of this modeling was to identify factors that may affect risks associated with disposal of solid and liquid foods contaminated with terrorist agents. An extensive literature review was conducted to describe the existing knowledge on disposal of contaminated foods and other terrorist agents.

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Hydroxylamine, Oximate and Hydroxamate as α‐Nucleophiles in Dephosphorylation

Buncel

Terrier

2010

Patai's Chemistry of Functional Groups

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Introduction The α‐Effect of Hydroxylamines, Oximes and Hydroxamic Acids Ambident Nature of Hydroxylamines and Hydroxamates Leveling Effect of α‐Nucleophilicity: Brønsted‐Type Plots Solvent Effect on α‐Nucleophilicity Acetonitrile–Water Versus DMSO –Water Binary Mixtures Imbalanced Transition State Hydroxylamines, Hydroxamates and Oximates as Antidotes for Intoxication by Organophosphorus Toxins (Chemical Warfare Agents) and Organophosphorus Insecticides Reactions of Oximate and Hydroxamate Nucleophiles in Surfactant Systems Acknowledgment

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Rapid Nucleophilic/Oxidative Decontamination of Chemical Warfare Agents

Cited by 200 publications

References 23 publications

Efficacy of DECON Green against VX Nerve and HD Mustard Simulants at Subfreezing Temperatures

Efficacy of DECON Green against VX Nerve and HD Mustard Simulants at Subfreezing Temperatures

Decontamination and Disposal of Contaminated Foods

Hydroxylamine, Oximate and Hydroxamate as α‐Nucleophiles in Dephosphorylation

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