Rapid necrosis II: physiological and molecular analysis of 2,4-D resistance in Sumatran fleabane (<i>Conyza sumatrensis</i>)

Queiroz, Andrew Rerison Silva de; Delatorre, Carla Andréa; Markus, Catarine; Lucio, Felipe R.; Angonese, Paula Sinigaglia; Merotto, Aldo

doi:10.1017/wsc.2021.71

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Many of the plant 2,4-D resistance mechanisms described in the literature are non-target sites (NTSR). These include rapid necrosis [24], reduced 2,4-D uptake [25], reduced 2,4-D translocation [26,27], and increased 2,4-D metabolism [28][29][30][31][32][33][34]. A review of herbicide resistance in Lolium spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Gene Expression following 2,4-D Treatment in Two Red Clover (Trifolium pratense L.) Populations with Differential Tolerance to the Herbicide

Araujo,

Barrett,

Dinkins

2024

Agronomy

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Incorporation of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) into grass pastures can reduce the need for nitrogen fertilizer applications and increase the nutritional value of the forage. However, red clover cultivars available for Kentucky producers are highly susceptible to herbicides, such as 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid), used for pasture broadleaf weed control. To overcome this problem, ‘UK2014’ red clover was selected for increased tolerance to 2,4-D. We employed a transcriptome analysis approach to compare the gene expression response following 2,4-D treatment of ‘UK2014’ to that of ‘Kenland’, a 2,4-D sensitive red clover and one of the parents of ‘UK2014’. The objectives were to first determine if the increased 2,4-D tolerance in ‘UK2014’ is reflected in a change of transcription response and/or a quicker recovery of a transcriptional response following 2,4-D treatment, and second, to identify genes, whether constitutively expressed or induced by 2,4-D, which could be the basis for the increased 2,4-D tolerance. Leaf tissue from the two red clovers grown in the field was collected at 4, 24, and 72 h after 2,4-D (1.12 kg 2,4-amine a.e. ha−1) treatment from both untreated and treated plants. Global gene expression was determined with reads from Illumina Hiseq 2500 mapped against the red clover draft genome, Tpv2.1 (GenBank Accession GCA_900079335.1). Genes that displayed differential expression (DEGs) following 2,4-D treatment were selected for further analysis. The number of DEGs was higher for ‘Kenland’ than for ‘UK2014’, suggesting that a lower transcriptional response corresponds with the higher 2,4-D tolerance in the ‘UK2014’ line. Similarly, gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed that expression of photosynthesis-related genes was less affected by 2,4-D in the ‘UK2014’ line than ‘Kenland’. Although we were not able to identify any specific genes that are the basis for the increased 2,4-D tolerance of ‘UK2014’, we concluded that the increased 2,4-D tolerance of ‘UK2014’ correlates with a decreased transcription response to 2,4-D. Additionally, expression of several cytochrome P450 genes that had different isoforms between ‘UK2014’ and ‘Kenland’ increased significantly in both following 2,4-D treatment, one or more of these P450s could be mediators of 2,4-D metabolism and tolerance in red clover.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Gene Expression following 2,4-D Treatment in Two Red Clover (Trifolium pratense L.) Populations with Differential Tolerance to the Herbicide

Araujo,

Barrett,

Dinkins

2024

Agronomy

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“…Rapid necrosis (RN) symptoms begin approximately 2 h after herbicide spraying, and later the plants regrow from the axillary buds, resulting in a resistance factor (RF) of 18.6 compared with a susceptible biotype (Queiroz et al 2020). Recently, a second study on this case of resistance identified that the RN mechanism may be related to changes in auxin transport or the transport inhibitor response 1 receptor and not related to 2,4-D detoxification by glutathione-S-transferase or cytochrome P450 monooxygenase enzymes (Queiroz et al 2022). Furthermore, the oxidative stress related to RN was responsive to temperature and was not lightdependent in Sumatran fleabane resistant plants that also showed rapid photosynthetic damage (Leal et al 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid necrosis: Implications of environmental conditions and plant growth stage on 2,4-D resistance and effect of other auxinic herbicides in Sumatran fleabane (Conyza sumatrensis)

et al. 2023

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Resistant plants of Sumatran fleabane with an unusual rapid necrosis symptom after application of 2,4-D were characterized in previous studies. Field observations indicated variability in the occurrence of the rapid necrosis (RN) caused by 2,4-D, but the causes of the variation are unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effect of environmental conditions, plant growth stage, and simultaneous and sequential herbicide mixtures with other auxin mimics on the occurrence of RN caused by 2,4-D. Application at temperature of 12 C delayed the symptoms and decreased the intensity of the RN, but still resulted in plant survival to 2,4-D. The absence of light after herbicide application caused a slight delay in the symptoms, but the production of hydrogen peroxide and the size of necrosed area were not affected by the light treatments before and after 2,4-D application. Changes in plant photosynthesis through inhibiting photosystem II do not prevent the occurrence of the RN symptom. The auxinic herbicides dicamba, triclopyr, and halauxifen-methyl do not cause RN symptoms and are effective at controlling the resistant biotype when applied without 2,4-D, but the effectiveness of these herbicides was reduced when sprayed on the resistant biotype either together, 4 h or 24 h after 2,4-D. The RN phenotype does not occur for dicamba and triclopyr, even in advanced plant growth stages and high doses on the resistant biotype. The herbicides dicamba and triclopyr effectively controlled resistant plants, especially when sprayed at the initial growth stages. The results of this study identified environmental, plant development effects, and herbicide interactions, that interfere with the occurrence of RN symptoms caused by 2,4-D in Sumatran fleabane. These data provide insights about the mechanisms behind the RN symptoms caused by 2,4-D and are important for identifying the causes of variability of the herbicide symptomology and performance under experimental and field conditions.

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Chemical Control of Fleabane Resistant to 2,4-D

Albrecht¹,

Heimerdinger²,

Albrecht³

et al. 2022

outlook pest man

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Conyza spp. (fleabane) are among the main weeds found globally. They have an annual life cycle and herbaceous size, high seed production, are found in different agricultural environments, such as grain crops (Photo 1). Fleabane control can be hindered by one or more of the following factors: high propagule production, wind propagation of propagules, herbicide resistance. For example, a single fleabane plant can produce more than 200,000 seeds in a year. In Brazil, there are cases of Conyza sumatrensis with multiple resistance to the herbicides chlorimuron and glyphosate, simple resistance to paraquat, in addition to cases of simple or multiple resistance to these and other herbicides (photosystem II inhibitors and synthetic auxins). Also in Paraguay, a country that borders Brazil, there is a report of a biotype with triple resistance to the herbicides paraquat, chlorimuron and glyphosate. In addition to this scenario of difficulties in control and cases of resistance, only 2.7 fleabane plants m–2 can reduce soybean productivity by 50%. These cases of fleabane resistance to herbicides make their management difficult, due to the loss of control tools. One of the main problems in this regard is resistance to 2,4-D, due to the complex rapid necrosis resistance. Rapid necrosis is an uncommon response to 2,4-D herbicide and this response is related to environmental conditions during application (temperature and light). After application of 2,4-D, necrotic symptoms occur rapidly in the leaves, in some situations within less than an hour after application. The rapid accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) after application of 2,4-D causes lipid peroxidation and the production of ROS is related to the occurrence of necrosis in C. sumatrensis. Rapid necrosis resembles a programmed cell death response. However, these symptoms do not lead to plant death, with subsequent plant recovery one to two weeks after application, in addition to disrupting sequential application with burndown herbicides. Considering this setback, alternatives to be used to control fleabane iinclude the use of other synthetic auxins, such as dicamba, triclopyr, halauxifen or fluroxypyr, or even other herbicides, such as atrazine and mesotrione, which are adopted in maize cultivation or in the off-season. These herbicides can be used in the first application in a mixture with glyphosate, in which the control is complemented by the sequential application of glufosinate. These herbicides mixed with glyphosate are believed to be effective in controlling 2,4-D-resistant fleabane in the first application of pre-sowing soybean desiccation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of glyphosate in mixtures with dicamba, triclopyr, halauxifen/diclosulam, fluroxypyr/clethodim, 2,4-D or atrazine/mesotrione, with sequential application of glufosinate, in the control of 2,4-D resistant fleabane in soybean pre-sowing.

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Rapid necrosis II: physiological and molecular analysis of 2,4-D resistance in Sumatran fleabane (Conyza sumatrensis)

Cited by 4 publications

References 52 publications

Comparative Gene Expression following 2,4-D Treatment in Two Red Clover (Trifolium pratense L.) Populations with Differential Tolerance to the Herbicide

Comparative Gene Expression following 2,4-D Treatment in Two Red Clover (Trifolium pratense L.) Populations with Differential Tolerance to the Herbicide

Rapid necrosis: Implications of environmental conditions and plant growth stage on 2,4-D resistance and effect of other auxinic herbicides in Sumatran fleabane (Conyza sumatrensis)

Chemical Control of Fleabane Resistant to 2,4-D

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