Rapid monitoring in vaccination campaigns during emergencies: the post-earthquake campaign in Haiti

Rainey, Jeanette J.; Sugerman, David; Brennan, Muireann; Cadet, Jean Ronald; Ernsly, Jackson; Lacapère, François; Danovaro-Holliday, M. Carolina; Mubalama, Jean-Claude; Nandy, Robin

doi:10.2471/blt.12.117044

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 3 publications

(7 reference statements)

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“…Although these strategies are crucial, concerns have arisen regarding lengthy school closures and home quarantine, which may negatively impact children’s mental and physical health [ 2 , 5 ]. Furthermore, disruptions to healthcare services may result in childhood immunization being missed or delayed, which is a significant concern [ 6 , 7 ]. Vaccine-preventable disease (VPD) remains an important issue that requires adherence to recommendations to prevent severe illness in children [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Routine Childhood Immunization in Saudi Arabia

Alsuhaibani

Alaqeel

2020

Vaccines

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The COVID-19 pandemic is impacting national and international public health. Routine childhood immunization may be adversely affected by COVID-19 mitigation measures. We aimed to identify the prevalence of delayed immunization and explore the reasons and barriers for delayed immunization during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Qassim region, Saudi Arabia. We conducted a cross-sectional study using an online self-administered questionnaire for parents of children under two years of age during the period from 1 May to 30 June 2020. Most of the 749 participants (82.6%) were mothers, with 31 to 40 years being the most common age group (49.8%). Nearly three-quarters (73.2%) of the parents had appointments scheduled for their child’s vaccination during the pandemic, and approximately 23.4% of the parents reported a delay of more than one month in the immunization of their child. The most common reason for the delay was the fear of being infected by COVID-19 (60.9%). Large household size and lack of insurance were risk factors for immunization delay. The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the timeliness of routine childhood immunization in Saudi Arabia. Childhood immunization should be prioritized, as well as the implementation of focused strategies to achieve significant and sustainable vaccination rates during pandemics.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Routine Childhood Immunization in Saudi Arabia

Alsuhaibani

Alaqeel

2020

Vaccines

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“…Continuing population movement undermined the effectiveness of rapid monitoring for campaign targeting in the second study. [ 68 , 69 ] Outreach surveillance Adaptive Reduction in reported polio case load, and improvements in performance against a series of AFP surveillance criteria. Applied in a single post-conflict setting only.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strengthening vaccination delivery system resilience in the context of protracted humanitarian crisis: a realist-informed systematic review

Ismail

Lam

Bell

et al. 2022

BMC Health Serv Res

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Background Childhood vaccination is among the most effective public health interventions available for the prevention of communicable disease, but coverage in many humanitarian settings is sub-optimal. This systematic review critically evaluated peer-review and grey literature evidence on the effectiveness of system-level interventions for improving vaccination coverage in protracted crises, focusing on how they work, and for whom, to better inform preparedness and response for future crises. Methods Realist-informed systematic review of peer-reviewed and grey literature. Keyword-structured searches were performed in MEDLINE, EMBASE and Global Health, CINAHL, the Cochrane Collaboration and WHOLIS, and grey literature searches performed through the websites of UNICEF, the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) and Technical Network for Strengthening Immunization Services. Results were independently double-screened for inclusion on title and abstract, and full text. Data were extracted using a pre-developed template, capturing information on the operating contexts in which interventions were implemented, intervention mechanisms, and vaccination-related outcomes. Study quality was assessed using the MMAT tool. Findings were narratively synthesised. Results 50 studies were included, most describing interventions applied in conflict or near-post conflict settings in sub-Saharan Africa, and complex humanitarian emergencies. Vaccination campaigns were the most commonly addressed adaptive mechanism (n = 17). Almost all campaigns operated using multi-modal approaches combining service delivery through multiple pathways (fixed and roving), health worker recruitment and training and community engagement to address both vaccination supply and demand. Creation of collaterals through service integration showed generally positive evidence of impact on routine vaccination uptake by bringing services closer to target populations and leveraging trust that had already been built with communities. Robust community engagement emerged as a key unifying mechanism for outcome improvement across almost all of the intervention classes, in building awareness and trust among crisis-affected populations. Some potentially transformative mechanisms for strengthening resilience in vaccination delivery were identified, but evidence for these remains limited. Conclusion A number of interventions to support adaptations to routine immunisation delivery in the face of protracted crisis are identifiable, as are key unifying mechanisms (multi-level community engagement) apparently irrespective of context, but evidence remains piecemeal. Adapting these approaches for local system resilience-building remains a key challenge.

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“…The mechanisms by which this intervention were thought to have worked included [i] more accurate enumeration of target populations especially in the context of ongoing population movement, and [ii] a clearer view of ward boundaries than conventional (hand-drawn) approaches – both of which improved microplanning accuracy (65). The second study looked at the use of rapid monitoring approaches to gauge coverage and help improve campaign targeting in post-earthquake Haiti (66). In this study, a convenience sampling approach was used to assess household uptake at regular interviews; findings were used to better target mop-up vaccination activities.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strengthening vaccination delivery system resilience in the context of protracted humanitarian crisis: a realist-informed systematic review

Ismail¹,

Lam²,

Bell³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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BackgroundChildhood vaccination is among the most effective public health interventions available for the prevention of communicable disease, but coverage in many humanitarian settings is sub-optimal. This systematic review critically evaluated peer-review and grey literature evidence on the effectiveness of system-level interventions for improving vaccination coverage in protracted crises, focusing on how they work, and for whom, to better inform preparedness and response for future crises.MethodsRealist-informed systematic review of peer-reviewed and grey literature. Keyword-structured searches were performed in MEDLINE, EMBASE and Global Health, CINAHL, the Cochrane Collaboration and WHOLIS, and grey literature searches performed through the websites of UNICEF, the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) and Technical Network for Strengthening Immunization Services. Results were independently double-screened for inclusion on title and abstract, and full text. Data were extracted using a pre-developed template, capturing information on the operating contexts in which interventions were implemented, intervention mechanisms, and vaccination-related outcomes. Study quality was assessed using the MMAT tool. Findings were narratively synthesised.Results50 studies were included, most describing interventions applied in conflict or near-post conflict settings in sub-Saharan Africa, and complex humanitarian emergencies. Vaccination campaigns were the most commonly addressed adaptive mechanism (n=17). Almost all campaigns operated using multi-modal approaches combining service delivery through multiple pathways (fixed and roving), health worker recruitment and training and community engagement to address both vaccination supply and demand. Creation of collaterals through service integration showed generally positive evidence of impact on routine vaccination uptake by bringing services closer to target populations and leveraging trust that had already been built with communities. Robust community engagement emerged as a key unifying mechanism for outcome improvement across almost all of the intervention classes, in building awareness and trust among crisis-affected populations. Some potentially transformative mechanisms for strengthening resilience in vaccination delivery were identified, but evidence for these remains limited.ConclusionA number of interventions to support adaptations to routine immunisation delivery in the face of protracted crisis are identifiable, as are key unifying mechanisms (multi-level community engagement) apparently irrespective of context, but evidence remains piecemeal. Adapting these approaches for local system resilience-building remains a key challenge.

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Rapid monitoring in vaccination campaigns during emergencies: the post-earthquake campaign in Haiti

Cited by 9 publications

References 3 publications

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Routine Childhood Immunization in Saudi Arabia

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Routine Childhood Immunization in Saudi Arabia

Strengthening vaccination delivery system resilience in the context of protracted humanitarian crisis: a realist-informed systematic review

Strengthening vaccination delivery system resilience in the context of protracted humanitarian crisis: a realist-informed systematic review

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