Rapid molecular subtyping by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction of the neuraminidase gene of avian influenza A viruses

Fereidouni, Sasan; Starick, Elke; Grund, Christian; Globig, Anja; Mettenleiter, Thomas C.; Beer, Martin; Harder, Timm C.

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2008.09.077

Cited by 81 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…For detection of AI N8 gene, in house RT-qPCR was used (details available on request). Detection of AI N5 gene was carried out according to method of FEREIDOUNI et al (2009). For initial determination of the HA cleavage site of detected H5 viruses, conventional reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) using KHA primers (SLOMKA et al, 2007b) with subsequent nucleotide sequencing was carried out.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel reassortant clade 2.3.4.4 avian influenza A(H5N5) virus in wild birds and poultry, Croatia, 2016-2017

Savić

2017

Vet. arhiv

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Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) causes flock mortality as high as 100% in susceptible poultry species but it also poses a threat for humans, particularly viruses of A/goose/Guangdong/96-like (GD/96) lineage. The emergence of novel HPAI viruses in migratory birds is of concern because of the potential for virus spread during migration. In late 2016, novel GD/96 reassortant clade 2.3.4.4 group B avian influenza H5N5 virus was detected in wild birds and domestic poultry in Croatia, concurrently with numerous detections of H5N8 virus of the same clade and group. Sequencing of the full genome of the H5N8 index case isolate (October 2016) and of all three H5N5 isolates (December 2016 -March 2017) has shown that the novel H5N5 reassortant virus most likely emerged as a result of complex reassortment process in Asia from HPAI H5N8 viruses after the later viruses have became established in wild bird population. Concurrent findings of both, H5N5 and H5N8 viruses, at the same locations in Croatia indicate that the H5N5 reassortant virus was introduced from Asia as a subpopulation of H5N8 viruses by the same wild bird flyways. Although the novel H5N5 reassortant virus possesses haemagglutinin of the GD/96 lineage, the virus genome has typical avian virus traits. Apart from mutations T215A in M1 protein and P42S in NS1 protein which are associated to increased virulence in mice, none of the mutations related to increased affinity to human-type (α-2,6) receptors and mammalian host adaptation were found. Nevertheless, the virus poses a serious threat to the poultry industry since high pathogenicity for gallinaceous birds was confirmed by high intravenous pathogenicity index (2.87).

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel reassortant clade 2.3.4.4 avian influenza A(H5N5) virus in wild birds and poultry, Croatia, 2016-2017

Savić

2017

Vet. arhiv

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“…The swabs and faecal samples were examined by virus isolation in 9-11-day-old embryonated chicken eggs (ECE). The presence and subtype of AIV in the ECE were determined by a haemagglutination assay and RT-PCR methods, as described previously (Fereidouni et al, 2009;Fouchier et al, 2000;Lee et al, 2001;Munch et al, 2001). A total of 201 LPAI viruses of various subtypes were identified by the National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service (NVRQS), but no HPAI viruses had been isolated.…”

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confidence: 99%

Characterization of H5N2 influenza viruses isolated in South Korea and their influence on the emergence of a novel H9N2 influenza virus

Kim

Park

Oem

et al. 2010

Journal of General Virology

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We characterized low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) H5N2 and H9N2 viruses isolated in South Korea from 2008 to 2009. Genetic analysis of the H5N2 viruses isolated from wild birds and domestic ducks demonstrated that they were related to the recently isolated southern Chinese LPAI H5 viruses and various influenza viruses circulating in Eurasia. Three H9N2 viruses obtained at live bird markets and duck farms were reassortant viruses generated from the H5N2 viruses of domestic ducks and the H9N2 virus endemic in Korean chickens. The H5N2 viruses did not replicate well in experimentally infected chickens and mice, but novel H9N2 viruses, without pre-adaptation, were recovered at high titres in chickens. Our results show that reassortment between H5N2 and H9N2 viruses must have occurred in domestic ducks and may have contributed to the diversity expansion of the gene pool, which has potential to alter the pathogenicity and host range of the influenza virus.

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“…Although the microarray technology (5, 11) was first developed for simultaneously subtyping HA and NA genes, the technology requires expensive equipment and specific training and is time-consuming. In contrast, conventional reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) (3,10,19,25,26) and real-time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR) (14,22,27) are rapid and sensitive and easily applicable to general diagnostic laboratories. Primers containing mixed bases are indispensable for broad detection of genetically diverse HA and NA genes of AIVs and are also useful for sequencing and molecular characterization.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

SYBR Green-Based Real-Time Reverse Transcription-PCR for Typing and Subtyping of All Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase Genes of Avian Influenza Viruses and Comparison to Standard Serological Subtyping Tests

et al. 2012

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Rapid molecular subtyping by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction of the neuraminidase gene of avian influenza A viruses

Cited by 81 publications

References 28 publications

Novel reassortant clade 2.3.4.4 avian influenza A(H5N5) virus in wild birds and poultry, Croatia, 2016-2017

Novel reassortant clade 2.3.4.4 avian influenza A(H5N5) virus in wild birds and poultry, Croatia, 2016-2017

Characterization of H5N2 influenza viruses isolated in South Korea and their influence on the emergence of a novel H9N2 influenza virus

SYBR Green-Based Real-Time Reverse Transcription-PCR for Typing and Subtyping of All Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase Genes of Avian Influenza Viruses and Comparison to Standard Serological Subtyping Tests

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