Rapid microwave growth of mesoporous TiO2 nano-tripods for efficient photocatalysis and adsorption

Abstract

A rapid microwave (180 s, 100 W) green approach has been demonstrated for the synthesis of TiO2 tripods (TITPs) using Mangifera indica leaf extracts. In this process, mangiferin acts as an efficient reducing agent while microwave radiations control the nucleation and growth of anisotropic TiO2 nanostructure. Surface morphological analyses reveal that synthesized TiO2 nanomaterial has a unique resilient shape of tripods with porosity. The photocatalytic ability of synthesized TITPs has been examined using Methylene blue (MB) as the target contaminant, and ∼75% (under visible light in 75 min) and 96% (under UV in 9 min) dye degradation has been achieved. The TITPs show recyclability for up to three cycles. Moreover, TITPs exhibit good adsorbent property that varies with the change of temperature and pH. The adsorption of the MB by TITPs follows the pseudo-first-order kinetic model and the Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacity of TITPs is found to be 17.54 mg/g based on the Langmuir model. The present multi-facet TITPs prepared via a simple and quick (180 s) microwave method has the potential for application in photocatalytic/adsorption for aqueous contaminant remediation.

Persea Americana Leaf Extract-Derived Nanohybrids: A Sustainable and Green Approach for Rapid Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Contaminants in Water

“…Pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models were employed, utilizing mathematical equations to analyze the experimental data. These models are commonly utilized for assessing the degradation of liquid–solid phases based on solid capability …”

“…This interaction results in the formation of −COO–TiO 2 . Significantly, it is noteworthy that the functionalized CNTs, enriched with oxygen-containing groups, play a pivotal role in catalyzing the heterogeneous formation and nucleation of TiO 2 nanoparticles . Further, in an aqueous leaf extract, the formation of amorphous polytitanate substances as intermediates during the hydrolysis and condensation process of titanium alkoxides is indeed possible.…”

“…Significantly, it is noteworthy that the functionalized CNTs, enriched with oxygencontaining groups, play a pivotal role in catalyzing the heterogeneous formation and nucleation of TiO 2 nanoparticles. 44 Further, in an aqueous leaf extract, the formation of amorphous polytitanate substances as intermediates during the hydrolysis and condensation process of titanium alkoxides is indeed possible. However, the subsequent transformation of these polytitanates into titanium dioxide or other titanium oxide phases typically requires additional processing steps such as heat treatment, but here we have emphasized room temperature (RT) conditions only.…”

“…These methods often entail high labor costs, substantial power consumption, elevated operating temperatures, and the use of toxic chemicals. Consequently, there has been a growing interest in developing alternative, environmentally friendly approaches that are cost-effective and can be achieved in a single step. − One promising avenue for green synthesis of nanomaterials is the utilization of plant leaf extracts. ,− For instance, Chamoli et al successfully synthesized TiO 2 nanoparticles using Mangifera indica leaf extract, harnessing microwave technology at 180 W to achieve multifaceted TiO 2 particles . These nanoparticles have proven effective in eliminating organic contaminants from wastewater, showcasing the potential of this eco-friendly method.…”

Giant Reduction in the Thermal Conductivity of Porous β-Ga2O3 with Multiple Heat-Blocking Mechanisms

“…With increasing annealing temperature, the diffraction peaks become sharper, indicating that the crystallinity is enhanced. Accordingly, the average grain size calculated by Scherrer’s formula varies from 14.66 nm at 600 °C to 32.36 nm at 1200 °C as shown in Table . Growth in crystal size generally leads to an increase in density; as a result, the porosity decreases with increasing annealing temperature as shown in Table .…”