Rapid Microbial Mineralization of Toluene and 1,3-Dimethylbenzene in the Absence of Molecular Oxygen

Zeyer, Josef; Kuhn, Elmar P.; Schwarzenbach, R.

doi:10.1128/aem.52.4.944-947.1986

Cited by 148 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(41 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The absence of ethylbenzene biodegradation in the denitrifying microcosms was surprising. Previous researchers have found ethylbenzene to be readily biodegradable under denitri- fying conditions [Zeyer et al, 1986;Hutchins, 1991;Kao and Borden, 1997]. In a previous study at this site, both toluene and ethylbenzene were biodegraded after a 60-day lag period in aquifer material from a core hole 12 m west of Core X (C. M. Kao, unpublished data, 1993).…”

Section: Imal (Abiotic Benzene Shown For Comparison)mentioning

confidence: 71%

Intrinsic biodegradation of MTBE and BTEX in a gasoline‐contaminated aquifer

Borden¹,

Daniel²,

LeBrun³

et al. 1997

Water Resources Research

198

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Section: Imal (Abiotic Benzene Shown For Comparison)mentioning

confidence: 71%

Intrinsic biodegradation of MTBE and BTEX in a gasoline‐contaminated aquifer

Borden¹,

Daniel²,

LeBrun³

et al. 1997

Water Resources Research

198

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Other field studies show evidence for degradation of xylenes [Reinhard et al, 1984] and alkylated benzenes [Schwarzenbach et al, 1983]. Laboratory studies support these field observations of biodegradation [Kuhn et al, 1985;Zeyer et al, 1986;Wilson et al, 1986a;Gibson and Suflita, 1986;Suflita and Miller, 1985].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Contaminant transport and biodegradation: 2. Conceptual model and test simulations

Kindred¹,

Celia

1989

Water Resources Research

182

101

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A conceptual model of subsurface contaminant transport with biodegradation is presented. This model incorporates both aerobic and anaerobic reactions, with several models of differing complexity presented for the anaerobic case. Nutrient uptake is described using Michaelis‐Menten expressions, which are incorporated into a multiple nutrient uptake model. Several uptake inhibition factors are also included in the model. The mathematical model that results takes the form of a series of reactive transport equations. These equations are coupled nonlinearly through the reaction terms, which are themselves coupled to growth equations for subsurface bacterial populations. Example simulations are presented for a variety of cases, ranging from one‐substrate, one‐population aerobic degradation to multisubstrate, multipopulation anaerobic consortium degradation.

show abstract

“…Methyl substituents of the aromatic ring are difficult to attack in the absence of molecular oxygen, which normally initiates degradation. Methylated aromatic compounds, that are readily degraded anaerobically include toluene (Vogel and Grbic-Galic, 1986;Wilson et al, 1986;Zeyer et al, 1986;Dolfing et al, 1990: Lovley andLonergan, 1990;Schocher et al, 1991 ;Rabus et al, 1993;Fries et al, 1994: Rueter et al, 1994 and the ortho, rnetu and para isomers of xylene (Zeyer et al, 1986;Evans et al, 1991Evans et al, , 1992Seyfried et al, 1994;Edwards and Grbic-Galic, 1994;Rueter et al, 1994;Haner et al, 1995) and of cresol (Lovley and Lonergan, 1990;Hopper et al, 1991 ;Rudolphi et al, 1991 ;Flyvbjerg et al, 1993;Bonting et al, 1995). At least two different pathways can be used for the first attack under anaerobic conditions.…”

Section: Reductive Dehalogenationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anaerobic Metabolism of Aromatic Compounds

Heider

Fuchs

1997

European Journal of Biochemistry

285

214

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aromatic compounds comprise a wide variety of low-molecular-mass natural compounds (amino acids, quinones, flavonoids, etc.) and biopolymers (lignin, melanin). They are almost exclusively degraded by microorganisms. Aerobic aromatic metabolism is characterised by the extensive use of molecular oxygen. Monoxygenases and dioxygenases are essential for the hydroxylation and cleavage of aromatic ring structures. Accordingly, the characteristic central intermediates of the aerobic pathways (e.g. catechol) are readily attacked oxidatively. Anaerobic aromatic catabolism requires, of necessity, a quite different strategy. The basic features of this metabolism have emerged from studies on bacteria that degrade soluble aromatic substrates to CO, in the complete absence of molecular oxygen.Essential to anaerobic aromatic metabolism is the replacement of all the oxygen-dependent steps by an alternative set of novel reactions and the formation of different central intermediates (e.g. benzoylCoA) for breaking the aromaticity and cleaving the ring; notably, in anaerobic pathways, the aromatic ring is reduced rather than oxidised. The two-electron reduction of benzoyl-CoA to a cyclic diene requires the cleavage of two molecules of ATP to ADP and P, and is catalysed by benzoyl-CoA reductase. After nitrogenase, this is the second enzyme known which overcomes the high activation energy required for reduction of a chemically stable bond by coupling electron transfer to the hydrolysis of ATP. The alicyclic product cyclohex-I ,5-diene-l-carboxyl-CoA is oxidised to acetyl-CoA via a modified P-oxidation pathway ; the ring structure is opened hydrolytically. Some phenolic compounds are anaerobically transformed to resorcinol (1,3-dihydroxybenzene) or phloroglucinol (1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene). These intermediates are also first reduced and then as alicyclic products oxidised to acetyl-CoA.This review gives an outline of the anaerobic pathways which allow bacteria to utilize aromatics even in the absence of oxygen. We focus on previously unknown reactions and on the enzymes characteristic for such novel metabolism.Keywords ; aromatic metabolism ; benzoyl-CoA ; anaerobic bacteria ; aromatic-ring reduction ; phloroglucinol; resorcinol.This review deals with the art of degrading aromatic compounds to CO, in the complete absence of molecular oxygen. This ability allows bacteria to make use of natural compounds of this widespread class as substrates for growth under anoxic conditions. In nature, anoxic conditions are created when oxygen consumption exceeds its supply. This situation prevails in many environments, e.g. in the intestinal tract of animals and man, in the sediments of all natural bodies of water, in ground water and in part in soil. Aromatic compounds are produced or transformed by all organisms, plants being the most prolific producers. There are numerous low-molecular-mass aromatic compounds includ-

show abstract

Rapid Microbial Mineralization of Toluene and 1,3-Dimethylbenzene in the Absence of Molecular Oxygen

Cited by 148 publications

References 31 publications

Intrinsic biodegradation of MTBE and BTEX in a gasoline‐contaminated aquifer

Intrinsic biodegradation of MTBE and BTEX in a gasoline‐contaminated aquifer

Contaminant transport and biodegradation: 2. Conceptual model and test simulations

Anaerobic Metabolism of Aromatic Compounds

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About