Rapid Method for the Determination of Total Monosaccharide in &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Enterobacter cloacae&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; Strains Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

Bovi, Richard J. Delle; Smits, Allan W.; Pylypiw, Harry M.

doi:10.4236/ajac.2011.22025

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Biofilms provide microbes shelter from antimicrobials and the host immune system (Foulquié Moreno et al, 2006 ; Chen and Wen, 2011 ; Rafii, 2015 ; Qi et al, 2016 ; Hall and Mah, 2017 ). Bacterial biofilms have been associated with diseases such as cystic fibrosis, periodontitis, and nosocomial infections on catheters and prosthetic heart valves (Storti et al, 2005 ; Delle Bovi et al, 2011 ). Eradication of biofilms is difficult due to impaired penetration of antibiotics and the decreased host immune response.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofilm Forming Antibiotic Resistant Gram-Positive Pathogens Isolated From Surfaces on the International Space Station

et al. 2019

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The International Space Station (ISS) is a closed habitat in a uniquely extreme and hostile environment. Due to these special conditions, the human microflora can undergo unusual changes and may represent health risks for the crew. To address this problem, we investigated the antimicrobial activity of AGXX®, a novel surface coating consisting of micro-galvanic elements of silver and ruthenium along with examining the activity of a conventional silver coating. The antimicrobial materials were exposed on the ISS for 6, 12, and 19 months each at a place frequently visited by the crew. Bacteria that survived on the antimicrobial coatings [AGXX® and silver (Ag)] or the uncoated stainless steel carrier (V2A, control material) were recovered, phylogenetically affiliated and characterized in terms of antibiotic resistance (phenotype and genotype), plasmid content, biofilm formation capacity and antibiotic resistance transferability. On all three materials, surviving bacteria were dominated by Gram-positive bacteria and among those by Staphylococcus, Bacillus and Enterococcus spp. The novel antimicrobial surface coating proved to be highly effective. The conventional Ag coating showed only little antimicrobial activity. Microbial diversity increased with increasing exposure time on all three materials. The number of recovered bacteria decreased significantly from V2A to V2A-Ag to AGXX®. After 6 months exposure on the ISS no bacteria were recovered from AGXX®, after 12 months nine and after 19 months three isolates were obtained. Most Gram-positive pathogenic isolates were multidrug resistant (resistant to more than three antibiotics). Sulfamethoxazole, erythromycin and ampicillin resistance were most prevalent. An Enterococcus faecalis strain recovered from V2A steel after 12 months exposure exhibited the highest number of resistances (n = 9). The most prevalent resistance genes were ermC (erythromycin resistance) and tetK (tetracycline resistance). Average transfer frequency of erythromycin, tetracycline and gentamicin resistance from selected ISS isolates was 10−5 transconjugants/recipient. Most importantly, no serious human pathogens such as methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) or vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE) were found on any surface. Thus, the infection risk for the crew is low, especially when antimicrobial surfaces such as AGXX® are applied to surfaces prone to microbial contamination.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofilm Forming Antibiotic Resistant Gram-Positive Pathogens Isolated From Surfaces on the International Space Station

et al. 2019

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“…Biofilms are defined as matrix-enclosed bacterial populations, which adhere to each other and to surfaces; observations have conclusively shown that biofilm bacteria predominate numerically and metabolically, in virtually all ecosystems and are difficult to eliminate [7]. Bacterial biofilms are known to be linked to medical conditions such as cystic fibrosis, periodontitis, and nosocomial infections from the use of catheters and prosthetic heart valves [8]. However, biofilm formation in food processing plants has also been documented; both pathogenic and food spoilage microorganisms have been isolated from such bacterial communities [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Effect of Different Growth Media and Temperature on the Suitability of Biofilm Formation by Enterobacter cloacae Strains Isolated from Food Samples in South Africa

2013

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This study evaluated the effects of growth medium, temperature, and incubation time on biofilm formation by Enterobacter cloacae strains. The ability to adhere to a surface was demonstrated using a microtiter plate adherence assay whereas the role of cell surface properties in biofilm formation was assessed using the coaggregation and autoaggregation assays. The architecture of the biofilms was examined under scanning electron microscope (SEM). All the strains adhered to the well of the microtiter plate when incubated for 48 h, irrespective of the growth medium and incubation temperature. It was also noted that 90% and 73% of strains prepared from nutrient broth and cultured in brain heart infusion (BHI) broth and tryptic soy broth (TSB), respectively, were able to form biofilms, in contrast to 73% and 60% strains from nutrient agar and cultured in BHI and TSB respectively grown under similar conditions. However, no statistically significant difference was observed when the two methods were compared. The coaggregation index ranged from 12% to 74%, with the best coaggregate activity observed when partnered with Streptococcus pyogenes (54%-74%). The study indicates the suitability of BHI and TSB medium for the cultivation of E. cloacae biofilms, however, temperature and incubation time significantly affect biofilm formation by these bacteria.

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“…Infectious caused by microbial communities include urinary tract infections, middle-ear infections, dental plaque, gingivitis, endocarditis, cystic fibrosis. Biofilms on persistent indwelling devices such as catheter, contact lenses, heart valves and joint prostheses are also responsible for many recurrent infections [20,21]. Biofilms on indwelling medical devices may be composed of Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria.…”

Section: Bacterial Biofilmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combating Biofilm and Quorum Sensing: A New Strategy to Fight Infections

Danquah¹,

Osei-Djarbeng²,

Appiah³

et al. 2020

Bacterial Biofilms

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Biofilms are structured aggregates of bacterial cells that are embedded in selfproduced extracellular polymeric substances. Various pathogens initiate a disease process by creating organized biofilms that enhance their ability to adhere, replicate to accumulate, and express their virulence potential. Quorum sensing, which refers to the bacterial cell-to-cell communication resulting from production and response to N-acyl homoserine lactone signal molecules, also plays an important role in virulence and biofilm formation. Attenuation of microorganisms' virulence such that they fail to adapt to the hosts' environment could be a new strategic fight against pathogens. Thus, agents or products that possess anti-biofilm formation and/or anti-quorum sensing activities could go a long way to manage microbial infections. The incidence of microbial resistance can be reduced by the use of anti-biofilm formation and anti-quorum sensing agents.

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Rapid Method for the Determination of Total Monosaccharide in <i>Enterobacter cloacae</i> Strains Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

Cited by 9 publications

References 10 publications

Biofilm Forming Antibiotic Resistant Gram-Positive Pathogens Isolated From Surfaces on the International Space Station

Biofilm Forming Antibiotic Resistant Gram-Positive Pathogens Isolated From Surfaces on the International Space Station

Evaluation of the Effect of Different Growth Media and Temperature on the Suitability of Biofilm Formation by Enterobacter cloacae Strains Isolated from Food Samples in South Africa

Combating Biofilm and Quorum Sensing: A New Strategy to Fight Infections

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