Rapid loss of Paraguay's Atlantic forest and the status of protected areas — A Landsat assessment

Huang, Chengquan; Kim, Sunghee; Altstatt, Alice; Townshend, J. R. G.; Davis, Paul; Song, Kuan; Tucker, Compton J.; Rodas, Oscar; Yanosky, Alberto; Clay, Rob P.; Musinsky, John

doi:10.1016/j.rse.2006.09.016

Cited by 147 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Despite basing the entire classification on a single image, we were able to achieve an overall classification accuracy of 84%, with some individual classes being classified even more accurately. This value is comparable to other classifications for this region (Huang et al, 2007), which were achieved using integrative per-pixel methods and manual interpretation applied to multidate imagery and a simpler classification scheme. Our classification was achieved from a single image with all classes determined from one application of the classification algorithm.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Stratifying land use/land cover for spatial analysis of disease ecology and risk: an example using object-based classification techniques

2007

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Abstract. Landscape epidemiology has made significant strides recently, driven in part by increasing availability of land cover data derived from remotely-sensed imagery. Using an example from a study of land cover effects on hantavirus dynamics at an Atlantic Forest site in eastern Paraguay, we demonstrate how automated classification methods can be used to stratify remotely-sensed land cover for studies of infectious disease dynamics. For this application, it was necessary to develop a scheme that could yield both land cover and land use data from the same classification. Hypothesizing that automated discrimination between classes would be more accurate using an object-based method compared to a per-pixel method, we used a single Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper+ (ETM+) image to classify land cover into eight classes using both per-pixel and object-based classification algorithms. Our results show that the objectbased method achieves 84% overall accuracy, compared to only 43% using the per-pixel method. Producer's and user's accuracies for the object-based map were higher for every class compared to the per-pixel classification. The Kappa statistic was also significantly higher for the object-based classification. These results show the importance of using image information from domains beyond the spectral domain, and also illustrate the importance of object-based techniques for remote sensing applications in epidemiological studies.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Stratifying land use/land cover for spatial analysis of disease ecology and risk: an example using object-based classification techniques

2007

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“…In some cases, stronger actions should be taken, given that in most cases the Paraguayan 'Important Bird Areas' (IBAs) match with protected areas (Appendix II); but in those cases that do not match, then the IBAs have no official measures (Cartes & Yanosky, 2008). The increasingly accelerated habitat destruction and fragmentation in different Paraguayan habitat types lead to patches (as occurred with Atlantic Forest sensu, Huang et al, 2007) which will lead to the isolation of populations as stated by Smith et al (2014) for P. livida. Paraguay is a global focus of forest loss (Hansen et al, 2013), with a deforestation rate of 179,000 ha per year (FAO, 2010), given the advance of habitat transformation for soy and beef (Guereña & Riquelme, 2013).…”

Section: Parks Vol 212 November 2015mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In the early 1970s, 73.4 per cent of the ecoregion was covered by forest; since then, the proportion of forested area was quickly reduced to 40.7 per cent by 1989 and further declined to 24.9 per cent by 2000. Paraguay's loss of nearly two thirds of its Atlantic forest between 1973 and 2000, is attributed to two competing deforestation processes: one by settlers and the other by large land owners, with the latter being far more devastating (Huang et al, 2007). In general, protected areas slowed down forest loss within their boundaries; while nearly 40 per cent of Paraguay's Atlantic forests that existed in 1989 were lost by 2000, most protected areas, especially the private ones, lost only small proportions of their forest during the same period.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, protected areas slowed down forest loss within their boundaries; while nearly 40 per cent of Paraguay's Atlantic forests that existed in 1989 were lost by 2000, most protected areas, especially the private ones, lost only small proportions of their forest during the same period. However, many of these protected areas remain as isolated ecological islands due to lack of connectivity (Huang et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Conservation implications of protected areas’ coverage for Paraguay’s reptiles

Cacciali¹,

Cabral²,

Yanosky³

2015

PARKS

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In Paraguay the highest rate of deforestation was reached in the 2000s, and in some places protected areas are the only remnant of the original ecosystem structure. Paraguay currently has 57 protected areas amounting to 15.2 per cent of the country under protection. In this paper we assess the effectiveness of the Paraguayan system of protected areas (SINASIP) for reptiles' conservation. We generate a matrix of taxa × areas according to 1,789 records for 182 taxa. Areas with the highest number of documented species were Reserva Ecológica Banco San Miguel y Bahía de Asunción and Reserva de Recursos Manejados Ñu Guazú.Eleven protected areas showed no records. Some species are widely distributed in the country and present in several protected areas, but in other cases numerous species have never been recorded in the protected areas. Three nationally (Phalotris nigrilatus, Philodryas agassizii, and Rhachidelus brazili) and one globally (Philodryas livida) threatened species are currently without protection in Paraguay, as well as the endemic species Homonota rupicola, Ophiodes luciae, Phalotris normanscotti, and Phalotris nigrilatus. At present 90.1 per cent of the total reptiles are found in at least one protected area in the country. Additionally, we show how sampling effort is biased and concentrated around the capital city; and thus a better systematic sampling of the whole country should be considered. Beyond the legal protection provided by protected areas and the strategies to conserve species and their populations, an analysis of the effectiveness of protected areas should be undertaken to secure conservation in perpetuity.

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“…Over the past four decades, Landsat remained the chief source of freely available remote sensing data for numerous applications. The spatial and spectral resolution of Landsat images makes these data highly suitable in analyzing both abrupt and gradual changes in vegetation cover and monitoring environmental processes such as degradation and desertification (Almeida-Filho & Shimabukuro 2002), deforestation (Cohen et al 2002;Huang et al 2007), habitat fragmentation (Millington et al 2003), forest succession (Song & Woodcock 2003), overgrazing (Jano et al 1998) and rangeland monitoring (Hostert et al 2003) etc. Figure 3 shows the Landsat 5 TM images of pre-and post-flood event of the study area in false colour composite of band 5, 4 and 3, which represent blue, red and infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.…”

Section: Remote Sensing Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure, hazard and risk mapping during a flood event using open source geospatial technology

Aggarwal¹

2015

Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk

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After a flood event there is a need to delineate the hazard footprint as quickly as possible in order to assess the magnitude of losses and to plan for the relief operations. Delineation of such hazard footprint is generally hindered by the lack of geospatial data, technology and related software packages. This paper demonstrates the use of open source data and software packages which can be used to implement most recent technology available for flood hazard footprint delineation. This study utilizes open source software packages and web applications like Geographic Resource Analysis Support System, Quantum geographic information system and Google Earth to implement a complete process of hazard mapping using remotely sensed data which include preprocessing, mapping (both hazard and exposure) and accuracy assessment. In this study, Brisbane flood event of 2011 has been taken as a case study. For built-up extraction, the Landsat 7-band image has been transformed to a stack of 3-band image using vegetation, water and built-up indices. It has been observed by scattergram analysis that these transformations make vegetation, water and builtup classes more separable. Built-up area has been delineated using supervised maximum likelihood classification on the new 3-band image. For flood hazard mapping, thresholding of near-infrared band has been utilized along with the assistance of mid-infrared band to discriminate water from built-up classes. After delineating both exposure and hazard map, final risk map due to flood event has been generated to assess the urban exposure under the flood hazard impact.

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Rapid loss of Paraguay's Atlantic forest and the status of protected areas — A Landsat assessment

Cited by 147 publications

References 9 publications

Stratifying land use/land cover for spatial analysis of disease ecology and risk: an example using object-based classification techniques

Stratifying land use/land cover for spatial analysis of disease ecology and risk: an example using object-based classification techniques

Conservation implications of protected areas’ coverage for Paraguay’s reptiles

Exposure, hazard and risk mapping during a flood event using open source geospatial technology

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