Rapid initiation of reactions in Al/Ni multilayers with nanoscale layering

Morris, Christopher J.; Mary, Brian; Zakar, Eugene; Barron, Sara C.; Fritz, Gregory M.; Knio, Omar M.; Weihs, Timothy P.; Hodgin, Ralph; Wilkins, Paul R.; May, Chadd

doi:10.1016/j.jpcs.2009.07.026

Cited by 68 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 26 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This includes use in joining components [207,208], defeating harmful microorganisms [73], igniters [209][210][211][212][213], flares, power sources [54,214], car airbag initiators [215], and pattern recording [216]. Of these, reactive multilayer joining technology has received the most attention.…”

Section: Brief Summary Of Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This means that multilayers can stimulate a second reaction in a neighboring propellant, pyrotechnic, or other energetic material [146,[209][210][211][212][213]246]. This includes ignition of material that lies across a small air gap as well as material that is initially in contact [209,246].…”

Section: Ignitersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This includes ignition of material that lies across a small air gap as well as material that is initially in contact [209,246]. Planar Ni .91 V .09 /Al 1100 [209,212,213], Monel 400/Al [120], CuO x /Al [246], and Ti/2B [210,211] multilayers show promise as igniters. Reaction initiation has involved direct current (Joule) heating [212], heated underlying metal traces [246], and semiconductor bridges (SCB) [154,210,211,247] for subsequent ignition of energetic materials, including nitrocellulose [246] and Fe 2 O 3 /Al solgel coatings [209].…”

Section: Ignitersmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Reactive multilayers fabricated by vapor deposition: A critical review

2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o Available online xxxxReactive multilayer thin films are a class of energetic materials that continue to attract attention for use in joining applications and as igniters. Generally composed of two reactants, these heterogeneous solids can be stimulated by an external source to promptly release stored chemical energy in a sudden emission of light and heat. In this critical review article, results from recent investigations of these materials are discussed. Discussion begins with a brief description of the vapor deposition techniques that provide accurate control of layer thickness and film composition. More than 50 reactive film compositions have been reported to date, with most multilayers fabricated by magnetron sputter deposition or electron-beam evaporation. In subsequent sections, we review how multilayer ignition threshold, reaction rate, and total heat are tailored via thin film design. For example, planar multilayers with nanometer-scale periodicity exhibit rapid, self-sustained reactions with wavefront velocities up to 100 m/s. Numeric and analytical models have elucidated many of the fundamental processes that underlie propagating exothermic reactions while demonstrating how reaction rates vary with multilayer design. Recent, time-resolved diffraction and imaging studies have further revealed the phase transformations and the wavefront dynamics associated with propagating chemical reactions. Many reactive multilayers (e.g., Co/Al) form product phases that are consistent with published equilibrium phase diagrams, yet a few systems, such as Pt/Al, develop metastable products. The final section highlights current and emerging applications of reactive multilayers. Examples include reactive Ni(V)/Al and Pd/Al multilayers which have been developed for localized soldering of heat-sensitive components.

show abstract

Section: Brief Summary Of Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ignitersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ignitersmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Reactive multilayers fabricated by vapor deposition: A critical review

2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…More recently,t hermite materials were also considered to produce gas species or pressure bursts, opening new potential fields of application such as pressure mediated molecular delivery [23,24],b iological agent inactivation [25][26][27],h ydrogen production [28,29],o rp ropulsion systems [7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the Pressure Generation in Aluminum‐Based Thermites

Baijot

Glavier

Ducéré

et al. 2015

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

[a] 1I ntroductionAlumino-thermite materials represent an interesting class of energetic substances notably because of their high energy densities, adiabatic flame temperature, and when nanosized, high reaction rates. Alumino-thermite is an oxidation-reduction reaction involving am etal (fuel) and am etallic oxide (or possibly an on-metallic oxide) that forms as table product after reaction.Thermite materials have been actively investigated for aw ide range of potential applications including railroad welding, materials processing to form refractory materials, additives in propellants, explosives and pyrotechnics [1][2][3], and more recently also for micro initiation [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20],e nvironmentally clean primers, and in situ welding [21].Among the numerous possible exothermic metal/oxide pairs listed in the literature [22],t he most investigated ones mix Al with MoO 3 ,C uO, Bi 2 O 3 ,F e 2 O 3 ,M nO 2 ,W O 3 ,a nd I 2 O 5 .F or the last two decades most of the research efforts aimed at reducing metal and oxide components size, improving their intimacy,t oi ncrease the reaction rate and decrease the ignition delay while improving safety.More recently,t hermite materials were also considered to produce gas species or pressure bursts, opening new potential fields of application such as pressure mediated molecular delivery [23,24],b iological agent inactivation [25][26][27],h ydrogen production [28,29],o rp ropulsion systems [7][8][9].Af ew teams demonstrated experimentally that Al/Bi 2 O 3 and, to al esser extent, Al/I 2 O 5 mixtures generate the highest pressure pulses [27,30,31] in comparison with other thermites. Martirosyan [31] considered that the reaction product (bismuth or iodine) boils at at emperature of 1560 8Ca nd 184 8C, respectively,w hich is lower than the maximum reaction temperature:t herefore causing bismuth or iodine evaporation with subsequent increase of the released gas pressure.For some thermites, such as Al/CuO, experiments using time-resolved mass spectrometry have measured significant O 2 release under rapid heating [32,33].T he formation of gaseous intermediates and their contribution to the pressurization may suggest why as ystem such as Al/MoO 3 , which is thermodynamically predicted to produce approximately only ap ercent of the gas that Al/CuO or Al/Bi 2 O 3 does, reacts rapidly and generates pressure as many other thermites.Despite these experimental research investigations, the effects of thermite composition, packing density together with its environmental conditions on the gas production (type and repartition of produced species and rate of gas release) need to be studied and understood in greater detail. On the theoretical side, af irst attempt to simulate Abstract:T he paper proposes an ew theoretical model based on local thermodynamic equilibrium enabling the prediction of gas generation during the reaction of aluminum-based thermites. We demonstrate that the model has the capability to predict the total pressure and the partial p...

show abstract

“…If the heat generated within an ignition zone is enough to initiate rapid mixing in the surrounding layers, then the reaction will self-propagate throughout the entire system. This idea has been applied to systems with different microstructures and chemistries [1][2][3], including core-shell particles [4][5][6][7][8], powder compacts [9][10][11][12][13][14], mechanically activated foils and powders [15][16][17][18][19], and vapor-deposited laminate foils [2,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using magnesium to maximize heat generated by reactive Al/Zr nanolaminates

Overdeep

Livi

Allen

et al. 2015

Combustion and Flame

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

a b s t r a c tIn this study, we explore the effect of magnesium content on the ability of reactive nanocomposite foils to generate heat, by comparing three chemistries: Al:Zr, Al-8Mg:Zr, and Al-38Mg:Zr. These correspond to foils with alternating aluminum and zirconium layers where the Al is either pure, an 8 at.%Mg alloy, or a 38 at.%Mg alloy, respectively. Measurements performed in a specially designed bomb calorimeter show that Al-8Mg:Zr foils perform the best, generating the greatest gravimetric heat in air, oxygen, and nitrogen environments. Both Mg-containing foils release a visible plume of particles and vapor upon reacting, which was recorded with a high speed camera. This ejected mass includes Mg vapor and particles of all three metals. Both the vapor and particles oxidize rapidly in air, resulting in single metal-oxide particles. The reacted foils, particularly the Al-8Mg:Zr samples, contain voids and higher levels of oxygen and nitrogen throughout their thicknesses than reacted Al:Zr foils. To explain the higher heats of reaction for the Al-8Mg:Zr foils, we suggest that the out-diffusion and evaporation of Mg generates a high concentration of vacancies that enhance oxygen and nitrogen diffusion throughout the foil, thereby increasing the degree of oxidation and nitridation.

show abstract

Rapid initiation of reactions in Al/Ni multilayers with nanoscale layering

Cited by 68 publications

References 26 publications

Reactive multilayers fabricated by vapor deposition: A critical review

Reactive multilayers fabricated by vapor deposition: A critical review

Modeling the Pressure Generation in Aluminum‐Based Thermites

Using magnesium to maximize heat generated by reactive Al/Zr nanolaminates

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About